Effects of the apple mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris) on antimicrobial, immunostimulatory and histological responses in black tiger shrimp postlarvae fed at varying feeding frequency
Journal Title: Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society - Year 2012, Vol 5, Issue 3
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate extracts of the apple mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris) as agent of prophylactic/therapeutant for the culture of Penaeus monodon. General types of compounds detected in the leaf and twig extracts were glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, sterols and flavonoids as determined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Based on the mean clear zone of inhibition, twig extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity than did the leaf extract. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of the twig gave the highest antibacterial activity and was thus employed for further tests. It was incorporated in the basal diet (commercially available shrimp starter feed) and was tested at three feeding frequencies (twice, three and four times daily) for its effects on the immune responses against a control treatment (pure basal diet) fed three times daily. There were no significant differences in respiratory burst activities between treatments but shrimps fed medicated diets exhibited considerably higher values than did the control group of shrimps. Phagocytic and phenoloxidase activities were significantly higher in shrimps fed medicated diets at all feeding frequencies than did those fed the control diet; activities were not significantly different between those fed medicated diets. Bacterial survival index was significantly higher in shrimps fed the control diet than did those fed medicated diets; indices of shrimps fed medicated diets were not significantly different. There were no signs of toxicity or any adverse histological changes in shrimps fed medicated diets at 1000 µg mL- 1 apple mangrove extract concentration.
Authors and Affiliations
Pedro Avenido, Augusto Serrano, Jr.
Keywords
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