New Trend of Biomarkers: Epigenetic Biomarkers
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 19, Issue 3
Abstract
All phenotype features of living things have a system called epigenetic mechanism that contributes to how the genes in living things’ DNA should work, form phenotypes, adapt to different environments, how processes work from embryos to adolescents, aging and cancers. As studies about what this system is and how it works, it continues to increase in research on its potential applications. Histone acetylation-methylation and DNA methylation especially studies are becoming more popular and new fields of study and application areas are emerging. Studies in the field of epigenetics especially contribute to aging and cancer and to diseases that develop with aging. Increasing human exposure to toxic pollutants and carcinogens as a driving force epigenetic system to respond to such environmental stimuli; some of them can adapt to the microenvironment of the cell on a cellular basis while affecting the survival of the organism. As all of these have become well understood in recent years, it has led us to consider the possibilities of using epigenetic systems in our benefits. Here, we aimed to briefly discuss how such changes can be used in favor of mankind. All macromolecular structures are determined by nucleotide sequences in the genome. However, there is another mechanism that determines gene expression and can be transferred from cell to cell. These changes are often called epigenetic. During the generation of this code, DNA sequence is not changed in any way. The most common epigenetic changes are methylation and acetylation of histone proteins and DNA methylation. Methylation changes are a process that can be seen from mammals to bacterial microorganisms, Methylation changes are a process that can be seen from mammals to bacterial microorganisms, developed by an organism as an adaptation method to environmental or intrinsic effects, or used to close genomic regions that are no longer needed in the evolutionary process. It has been shown with scientific studies that these methylated regions can be identified and it is now known that only transcription factors do not control the expression of genes and contribute to epigenetic changes.
Authors and Affiliations
Ugur Ozkan, Mustafa Yildiz, Metin Budak
Keywords
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- EP ID EP620490
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003311
- Views 182
- Downloads 0
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