Nilai-Nilai Sosial dan Religi dalam Tradisi Megalitik di Sulawesi Selatan
Journal Title: Kapata Arkeologi - Year 2016, Vol 12, Issue 2
Abstract
South Sulawesi is a region which has a several culture and megalith tradition that spread in various locations. Of those various forms and kinds of that megalith monument, there are important values that can be reinvented for the society. The purpose is to determine the social dan religious value of megalithic culture in South Sulawesi. In order to recognize those values, a research with an ethnoarchaeological approach has been done through direct observations and surveys in the society which still have megalith tradition, and focused to identify its values and functions in society. This research found that this tradition was developed since the 2nd AD until the 10th to 13th AD. During that period, the settlement system was composed of small communities that occupying highland and lowland. That small community was called wanua which spread across South Sulawesi peninsula. At the present time, that megalith tradition is still found in Torajan community, and in several ritual practices among communities in Enrekang and Soppeng regency, South Sulawesi. Generally, that megalith tradition is endorsing several values such like cooperation and spiritual. Sulawesi Selatan merupakan suatu daerah yang memiliki beberapa bentuk budaya dan tradisi megalitik (kebudayaan batu besar) yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah. Dari berbagai bentuk dan jenis megalitik itu tentunya memiliki nilai-nilai yang dapat diterapkan dalam masyarakat. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui nilai sosial dan religi dari kebudayaan megalitik di Sulawesi selatan. Dalam pencapaiannya digunakan pendekatan etnoarkeologi dengan cara melakukan survei di beberapa daerah di Sulawesi Selatan yang memiliki peninggalan megalitik. Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara dan pengamatan langsung di masyarakat yang masih menggunakan kebudayaan megalitik untuk mengetahui fungsi dalam masyarakat. Penelitian selama ini menunjukkan bahwa kebudayaan ini berawal sekitar abad ke-2 Masehi dan terus berlanjut pada abad ke-10 hingga abad ke-13 Masehi. Sistem permukiman pada masa itu merupakan kelompok-kelompok komunitas yang menempati wilayah ketinggian dan dataran rendah. Pada awal terbentuknya populasi disebabkan adanya berbagai daerah otonom kecil yang disebut wanuwa yang terdapat di beberapa daerah di seluruh semenanjung Sulawesi Selatan. Budaya ini masih berkesinambungan hingga sekarang pada masyarakat Toraja, atau dalam praktek ritual seperti di Enrekang dan Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan. Pada umumnya kebudayaan megalitik mengandung nilai-nilai kerjasama dan gotong royong serta religi yang menonjol.
Authors and Affiliations
nfn Hasanuddin
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Related Articles
- EP ID EP270625
- DOI 10.24832/kapata.v12i2.313
- Views 107
- Downloads 0
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