Oxidative stress and training
Journal Title: Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences - Year 2015, Vol 25, Issue 72
Abstract
Introduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the body under physiological conditions. ROS are involved, among others, in cell signaling. Imbalance between ROS creation and their neutralization is called oxidative stress and is characterized by the uncontrolled oxidation of lipids, proteins or DNA. Research indicates that increased production of ROS and prooxidative-antioxidant imbalance may occur during intense exercise.Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different sports on the prooxidative-antioxidant blood status among highly trained athletes on the basis of a review of scientific literature.Material and methods. A review of scientific literature was done from 2011 to June 2015 using the databases: Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar web browser. The review included original works which contained the following expressions in the text of their abstracts: “oxidative stress and sport”, “oxidative stress and athletes”, “oxidative stress and endurance,” “free radicals and sport”, “free radicals and athletes”, “free radicals and endurance”. 570 scientific papers were selected in total. The analysis excluded the impact of work on the nutrition strategy, vitamin and mineral supplementation, sport nutrition supplements that could affect the level of oxidative stress, and in which a group of test persons were untrained and casual exercisers. Criteria fulfilled 20 scientific papers (original), which present the results of studies involving 458 players individual sports and team, among others: footballers, volleyball, handball, players: martial arts, tennis, triathlon, swimming.Results. Numerous studies have shown that an increase in ROS production as a result of physical exercise is conditioned by among others: degree of fitness competitor, gender and intensity, duration and type of exercise.Conclusions. Physical training models the efficiency of the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the body by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, resulting in increased levels of total antioxidant status in plasma and increase the share of glutathione antioxidant capacity in trained athletes. Summary. ROS synthesis depends on the type of muscle work, intensity and duration of exercise. The improvement in exercise capacity is an effective way to improve antioxidant defense system, and thus to stay healthy.
Authors and Affiliations
Małgorzata Kantorowicz , Gabriela Augustyn , Magdalena Więcek
Keywords
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