Pediatric Pes Planus: A Review
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
Flat foot is a complex three-dimensional skeletal disorder with multifactorial etiology frequently encountered in evolutionary age, and tends to resolve spontaneously in adolescence. Despite the high frequency, there is no precise and universally accepted flat foot definition due to the absence of clinical and radiographic diagnostic criteria [1,2]. From the anatomical point of view it is characterized by: hyperpronation and valgus of the hindfoot (due to the eversion of the subtalar joint); abduction and supination of the forefoot and reduction of the plantar vault. Often the flat foot is associated with brevity of the achilles tendon. Risk factors are joint laxity, male sex, severe kneerotation, and obesity [3]. All children have a flat foot at birth because there is a fat pad at the base of the foot in order to protect the skeletal structures. Normally, flat foot resolves at the age of 10, following the development of the longitudinal medial plantar vault. In some cases it is also found in adulthood. Morley found a flat foot incidence of 97% at 2 years, and 4% after 10 years [4]; Staheli, through a study of 800 patients, reports the same incidence and states that it dramatically reduces between 3 and 6 years [5]. Evans and Harris state that the incidence of flat foot in the adult is respectively 15% and 20% .
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Elena Cucuzza, Angela D’ambra, Giuseppe Evola
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP571028
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000381
- Views 142
- Downloads 0
Henry Dyer Remembers: My Early Life in Fiji, 1962-1982
This article describes and explores the early life of Fiji national soccer champion Henry Dyer. It covers the period 1962-1982 and gives a fascinating insight into growing up in multi-racial Lautoka City, in Fiji's weste...
Focusing on the Problem, Not the Tool: Acknowledging Technologys Limits
One needs to interact only briefly with the outside world to appreciate the ubiquity of technology in contemporary society. The President of the United States tweets, parents ignore their children on the playground while...
Challenges in Risk Assessment and Management of Veterinary Medicines for Plants: Gaps and Reflections for an Updated Approach
Under the current legislation EPC [1], an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is mandatory to obtain Marketing Authorization for Veterinary Medicinal Products (VMP). ERAs for VMP, plant protection products, biocides or i...
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Attitudes and Perceptions towards BiologicallyBased Therapies in the United Arab Emirates
Biologically-Based Therapies (BBTs) are a subset of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Therapies that fall into four main categories; diet therapy, herbal therapy, orthomolecular therapy and chelation therapy....
Evaluation of a protection system for livestock during transport: PROGAT® from the animal welfare point of view
Transport of livestock constitute a large welfare problem in most of South American countries. With the aim to provide a solution and applying the knowledge of the automotive and metal-mechanic industry, a device was des...