Periodontal disease and pre-term low birth weight: A systematic review article
Journal Title: International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research - Year 2019, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases are common among world population. Systemic conditions often are influenced by periodontal diseases. Recently there have been many studies that have associated periodontal diseases with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The various adverse outcomes include pregnancy gingivitis, preterm low birth weight, preeclempsia etc. Out of these preterm low birth weight poses a major threat to community health. PTLBW remains an alarming concern for health care providers. Aim The goal of this paper is to review the literature regarding periodontal diseases and pre -term low birth weight, and provide oral health care providers with resources to educate their patients. Search design The present literature review was based on findings extracted from online search of PMC indexed journals, Google scholar, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases from the year 2000 onwards. Inclusion criteria Only case-control studies written and published in English language were included. Study subjects with mean age from 15-45 years met the inclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria Any case control study reported earlier to 2000 were excluded. Reports in languages other than English were excluded from the review. The search keywords were pregnancy gingivitis, periodontal disease, low birth weight, oral health, and preterm delivery. Results Of 300 articles, 10 studies with a total of 5358 participants with a mean age ranged from 15 to 45 years were met the inclusion criteria. The studies focused on preterm birth, low birth weight and /or preterm low birth weight and periodontitis. The findings from the selected case control studies were summarised in a tabulated form. Conclusion Periodontal disease is a high risk factor for preterm low birth weight babies. However, more precise studies with randomized clinical trial with long term follow-up period must be carried out to affirm the relationship between periodontitis and pre term low birth weight.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Harneet Singh Mago
Keywords
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