Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Some Selected African Medicinal Plant Extracts on Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 10
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antibacterial agents from various sources to combat microbial resistance. The ethanolic, ethyl acetate, N-hexane and warm water extracts of the leaves of Piper guineense, Ocimum gratissimum and the stem of Cassytha filiformis were examined for antibacterial activities and phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical screening of the samples was carried out according to the standard methods of Evans and Sofowora. The preliminary antibacterial activity of the plants was assayed using agar well diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were determined at concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml for all extracts against the test bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins phlobatannins, steroids, glycosides and quinones, was detected using qualitative and quantitative test methods. Alkaloid was detected only in Cassytha filiformis which was more extractable in ethanol than ethyl acetate and N-hexane extracts. The test pathogenic bacterial isolates at concentration of 1g of plant extracts in 1ml of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), Showed appreciable inhibitory activities after 24 hours of incubation at 370 C. The susceptibility test revealed that Vancomycin (VA30) showed inhibition Zone 6.3±1.5 and 5.7±2.1 in MRSA. The ethanolic, ethyl acetate, N-hexane and warm water extract of Piper guineense, Ocimum gratissimum and Cassytha filiformis showed the high rate of inhibition zones of 7.5±1.5 on MRSA, 7.1±0.5 on MSSA,. The three plant extracts shows effective potency on the selected pathogenic bacterial isolates than highly rated antibiotic (reference drugs) in disease cure and prevention. This study was undertaking to screen bioactive constituents of Piper guineese, Ocimum gratissimum,Cassytha filiformis and to evaluate their antibacterial active against test organisms.
Authors and Affiliations
Ifiok Uboh, Aniema Ituen, Elomba Chidozie, Anaesthesia Uchendu, Elvis Shu
Keywords
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