Pleiotropic actions of PPAR agonist: A potential therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy
Journal Title: Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacotherapy (IPP) - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. PPARα activators reduce the quantities of available fatty acids for triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein synthesis in the liver. PPARα binds to a diverse set of ligands, namely, arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes), plasticizers and synthetic fibrate drugs such as bezafibrate, fenofibrate, clofibrate, and gemfibrozil. PPARγ agonists may also have therapeutic utility in the treatment of other conditions such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and diabetic nephropathy. PPARδ plays a role in lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, and adipogenesis. In particular, diabetes is associated with the activation of enzymes that directly liberate ROS, including NAD(P)H oxidase. PPARα is expressed in proximal tubules and medullary thick ascending limbs where it is thought to be involved in the regulation of protein-degradation systems through maintenance of ATP homeostasis, control of fatty acid β-oxidation, and regulation of cytochrome P450 in proximal tubules. PPARγ is predominantly expressed in medullary collecting ducts and pelvic urothelium, and the latter site is potentially important for the putative link between PPARγ agonists and transitional cell cancer. The third isoform of PPAR and PPARβ/δ is also ubiquitously expressed in the kidney, with the highest levels observed in the proximal straight tubule in renal cortex and medulla. The review focuses on pleiotropic actions of PPAR agonist.
Authors and Affiliations
Mr. Sajid Rasool Shaikh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP570204
- DOI -
- Views 99
- Downloads 0
Antioxidant study on Cucurbita maxima fam Cucurbitaceae
In any biochemical process there is biotransformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaki...
Evaluation of antimalarial effect of methanol root extract of Costus Lucanusianus in the treatment of malaria-infested albino mice
This study is one of its kinds because there is little or no published work on the plant in question. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the antimalarial activity of methanol root extract of Costus lucanusianus on...
Prevalence of eating disorder in working and non working individual Amber Nawab1 Misbah Ansari2 Mizna Iqbal 2 Javeria Sheikh2 Nousheen Shoukat2
Background: The inspection based curriculum has been selected to feature the prevalence of eating disorder in working and nonworking individuals. Objective: The basic characteristics of a living being includes growth, mo...
A comprehensive review on antipsychotics in dentistry
Psychiatric disorders are not uncommon; almost 10% of the population worldwide is affected. They are characterized by disorganized thought process, bizarre behavior and emotional reactions, these individuals may experien...
Clinico-mycological spectrum of dermatophytoses in Chennai
Dermatophytes are common causes of skin, hair and nail infections and their clinic-mycological spectrum keeps changing with time and place. Aim: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted to analyse the clinica...