POPULAR MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF EMELYAN IVANOVICH PUGACHEV (ABOUT 1744–10.01.1775)
Journal Title: Історичний архів. Наукові студії - Year 2016, Vol 0, Issue 16
Abstract
The leader of the largest in the history of feudal Russia People’s Movement of the period of 1773–1775, known as the Pugachev rebellion, or the Peasants’ War, was Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev. Information about him for more than 140 years has been classified as «secret», and therefore, as V. Korolenko states: in order to create a fair image of the person who was standing in the center of the movement and gave it his own name, historians faced with consciously and unconsciously falsified material. In official documents, Pugachev was presented not as a real person, but as an incredible monster, who was raised with «hellishmilk»... The official correspondence preserved this official title for a long time: «A well-known state thief, a monster, a villain and imposter Emelka Pugachev...». «Every effort was made to keep the imputed «satanic image». The objective of the article is to consider the image of the leader of the Peasant’rebellion, the reasons for march-off of Cossacks, the plan of military operations in the light of historical and artistic sources. One of the first historiographers of the rebellion was A.S. Pushkin. In August–September, 1833 he visited the «Pugachev» places, talked to witnesses, collected documents, studied archival materials in order to write «The History of Pugachev» and the historical novel «The Captain’s Daughter». In turn, V.Korolenko considered the main reason for all the trouble near the river Yaik marching chieftain M. Borodin, who played a crucial role in pre-Pugachev uproar. He ignored the orders of Catherine and the generals, whom she sent to stop the abuse. The spirit of rebellion of the Cossacks reflected in the legend «Kochka’s feast» and was manifested, according to the author’s opinion, in the latest outbreak of another fight «with regularity» in 1874, when the Cossacks refused to accept the new regulation on military service.
Authors and Affiliations
H. Götte, S. Romanenko
Keywords
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