Potential of Azadirachtin and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Based Saponins as Biopesticides for In vitro Insect Pests Cellulase (Beta-1,4-Endoglucanase) Enzyme Inhibition and In vivo Repellency on Tribolium castaneum
Journal Title: Biotechnology Journal International - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 8
Abstract
Aims: The work was undertaken to identify the role of Neem derived compounds (saponins and azadirachtin) on the digestive cellulose hydrolyzing enzyme activity of red flour beetle (T. castaneum), rice grasshopper (Oxya chinensis) and red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicolis). Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. Methodology: Total cellular proteins were isolated from the insect’s gut and salivary glands and were tested for cellulose hydrolyzing activity on substrate agar plates. Saponins and Azadirachtin were isolated from Azadirachta indica tissues and used for enzyme inhibition studies. Repellancy test was performed for T. Castaneum, using saponins and Azadirachtin. For computational studies sequence of endoglucanase gene was identified from T. castaneum genome and protein structure was deduced. Results: Saponins were able to inhibit beta-1,4-endoglucanase enzyme activity, present in all the three insect pests. A computational dissection of T. castaneum endoglucanase enzyme, deduced from T. castaneum genome, showed that there were five cys involved in the formation of disulphide bridges in the molecule. The disulfide bridges did not provide any protection to endoglucanase active site. Azadirachtin had no effect on cellulase activity of Oxya chinensis and Aulacophora foveicolis, while beta-1,4-endoglucanase activity of T. castaneum was inhibited. Repellency test for T. castaneum revealed that each group of compounds (Saponins and Azadirachtin) was able to repel the insect. Conclusion: Neem derived compounds had a considerable inhibitory effect on the digestive cellulose hydrolyzing enzyme of T. castaneum.
Authors and Affiliations
Amtul Jamil Sami, A. R. Shakoori
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP237711
- DOI 10.9734/BBJ/2014/6903
- Views 94
- Downloads 0
In vitro Plantlet Regeneration of Four Local Garlic (Allium sativum) Accessions of Bangladesh
Aims: The genetic improvement of garlic can be achieved by biotechnological manipulations as breeding in this vegetatively propagated crop is limited. The current research was conducted with a view to develop an efficien...
Application of Metagenomic Study for the Detection of Diphtheria Toxin Gene of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Patients Displaying Symptoms of Pharyngitis in Kaduna State
This study was set to detect the A and B subunit of Diphtheria toxin gene among patients with pharyngitis and to identify which of the possible biovars is endemic in Kaduna State. The result of standard collection of twe...
Efficient Micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.: A Threatened Medicinal Herb
The present study describes an efficient and reproducible protocol for micropropagation of S. acmella. Shoot tips taken from 3 week-old aseptic seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium supple...
Establishment of Efficient System for Isolation and Manipulation of Single Protoplasts Containing Aposporous Embryo Sac Initial Cell in Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum)
Aims: In order to do the molecular analysis of mechanism of aposporous embryo sac initial cell (AIC) appearance, as the first step, we attempted to establish the system of isolating and manipulating single cells containi...
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum Extracts
The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the wood and stem bark of Bryophyllum pinnatum were investigated for their phytochemical constituents and activity against selected microorganisms. Phytochemicals found...