Prevalence of Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus of North Kerala
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 9
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrinal disease which frequently has skin manifestations. The binding of a glucose molecule to the tissue protein results in an effect on structure and function of that protein and results in clinical manifestations of the disease. It is also suggested that increased cross-linkage of collagen of diabetic patients is responsible for their skin being generally thicker than that of non-diabetics. Advanced glycosylation end products are probably responsible for yellowing of skin and nails. Increased viscosity of blood due to stiff red blood cell membranes results in engorgement of the post-capillary venules in the papillary dermis, detected as erythema of the face, or periungual erythema. It is suggested that these skin changes may eventually be used as a reflection of the patient’s current as well as past metabolic status. Aim of the Study: The aim is to study the prevalence and pattern of cutaneous manifestations in patients with long-standing DM and their association with glycemic control, in this part of Kerala. Materials and Methods: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with long-standing DM attending the Department of Dermatology. The demographic data, duration of DM, treatment adopted, skin lesions, foot care, and glycemic details were recorded in a standard pro forma. Observations and Results: Among 286 patients, 172 (60.13%) were males and 114 (39.86%) females. The male-to-female ratio of the present study was 1.5:1. The mean age was 55.35 ± 4.15 years. Type I DM was observed in 78 (27.27%) and Type II DM in 208 (72.72%). Among the 286 patients included in this study, bacterial infections were observed in 117 (40.09%) patients, fungal infections in 98 (34.26%), pruritus in 103 (36.01%), acanthosis nigricans in 66 (23.07%), nail lesions in 52 (18.18%), diabetic foot 47 (16.43%), viral infections in 42 (14.68%), and acrochordons in 29 910.13%) patients. The cutaneous lesions were more common in patients with unsatisfactory glycemic control. Conclusions: Cutaneous lesions are common in DM, especially with unsatisfactory glycemic control. Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are more common than other lesions. Type II DM has a higher frequency of infections and other lesions than Type I. Acanthosis nigricans has a gender predilection to females. Acanthosis nigricans is the next common skin lesions in DM after infections.
Authors and Affiliations
Srirath Kambil
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