Prevalence Of Hypertension In Urban School Children
Journal Title: National Journal of Medical and Dental Research - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 2
Abstract
Background:Seventh Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation & treatment of high BP report that each increment of 20mmHg in systolic or 10mm Hg diastolic pressure doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease 1 . There are no similar data in children, where age, gender & height need to be taken into account while interpreting BP values. There are a few published studies in India on prevalence of pediatric HT undertaken in Southern & Northern parts of India. With this view in mind, the study was conducted in school children to evaluate the prevalence of Pediatric HT in Mumbai. Aims & Objectives:To determine the prevalence of hypertension in school children. To determine the commonest age group of HT in children. To correlate variables like age, height, gender with HT. Method: Prospective school based, cross sectional study was performed in 2000 students aged 8-16 yr in a public school in Mumbai between August 2006 to April 2007 with the aim of screening for hypertension. Auxologic data, age, gender, BP measurements were recorded in a pre-designed study format. BP was measured using standard auscultatory method with a mercury sphygmomanometer on regular school days with normal activities in sitting position. At each school screening, 3-seated BP measurements were made at least 1 minute apart after 3 minutes of rest using standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Students found to have Systolic BP or Diastolic BP greater than the age & height specific 95 th % BP value underwent 2nd & 3rd screening 1 week apart. Hypertension was defined in accordance with the 4 th report on diagnosis, evaluation & treatment of hypertension. Results:We detected a prevalence of 6.6% of HT in children 8–16 yr age with no sex predilection and a strong correlation of HT with height, weight & not age or gender. Interestingly, we also determined 3.9% prevalence of Diastolic HT & 5.5% of Systolic HT, which is in excess of what is reported. We detected prevalence of Pre- HT in 13.7% cases (n=274) with male preponderance (13.8% males vs. 8.2% females). The peak age of Pre - HT was 14yr (30.2%). Conclusions:These results confirm the evolving epidemic of cardiovascular risk in youth. This increase reflects an epidemoiologic shift from secondary HT (most often caused by renal diseases) to primary (essential) HT as the main cause of HT in the pediatric age range. Once considered relatively rare, primary HT in children has become increasingly common in association with other cardiovascular risk factors that include overweight, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
Authors and Affiliations
Rachna Sable, Sunil Sable, Kumud P Mehta
Keywords
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