ПРИЙНЯТТЯ «СТАТЕЙ КОНФЕДЕРАЦІЇ» 1781 РОКУ ТА СТВОРЕННЯ КОНФЕДЕРАТИВНОГО СОЮЗУ В США ADOPTION OF «THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION» IN 1781 AND CREATION OF THE CONFEDERATIVE UNION IN THE USA
Journal Title: Вiсник Львівського Університету, Серія юридична - Year 2016, Vol 62, Issue
Abstract
У статті досліджено передумови прийняття «Статей конфедерації» 1781 року та створення конфедеративного союзу в США. Проаналізовано структуру та зміст «Статей конфедерації», з’ясовано представницькі повноваження однопалатного конгресу та виконавчі повноваження «комітету штатів». Зроблено висновки про те, що конфедеративний союз тринадцяти американських штатів був історичною необхідністю. Він відіграв важливу роль у налагодженні політичних і економічних зв’язків між ними, що в результаті призвело до утворення федеративної держави в 1787 році. The article analyses causes and preconditions of the uniting processes between American states during the War of Independence which resulted in the adoption of «The Articles of confederation» in 1781 and setting up the confederative union in the USA. Upon the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the states had to struggle for their sovereignty in the war against England. That war required not only coordinated military actions; it also needed a coordination in political, economic and financial spheres. It was the time when the colonies and the states began preparing a draft of the united colonies´ constitution which was named «Articles of confederation and everlasting union». From the moment of its adoption the name of the newlorn state organization and the form of state system was legally fixed. In accordance with that document the states remained sovereign as independent state subjects which had united only to defend themselves from England – their common enemy. A great role in the struggle for Independence of the new state union was played by European and International Realias of those days and especially the standpoint of France. The joint organs of power of the confederative union were the congress and «the committee of states». They were working out the most optimal form of mutual co-operation. In particular, under the military conditions it was necessary to mobilize material and human resources. The new country had a severe shortage of financial means which were often replenished by loans overseas. American troops were reinforced mainly by volunteer detachments which hadn’t received a proper military training. Therefore, George Washington hade to make a lot of effort to create an efficient army. However, after some time the confederation with its weak government without clear-cut powers couldn´t fully meet tle ambitions of the bourgevisie of that time who needed a strong central power capable of overcoming political and economic distinctions betwen some states. Therefore, any joint activities were carried out owing to the tremendous efforts (made) by the central organs of power which often had to persuade some states to follow the necessary policy. The arlicle concludes that the confederation became a compromising model of the relations between the states, which enabled to find out real demands for joint coordinating organs through the activilies of one–chamber Congress and «the committee of states». «The Articles of Confederation» in the USA became a vivid historical example of the effective use of the confederal system for building up a country and normative regulations of mutual relations between separate parts during a transnational period.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrii Kolbenko
Keywords
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