Qiyās Ghayr Mutaʿāraf against the Backdrop of Definition of Syllogism: ʿOs̱ mān b. Muṣṭafā al-Ṭarsūsī’s Risāle-i Istidlāliyye
Journal Title: Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi - Year 2018, Vol 59, Issue 1
Abstract
Many logicians, starting with Aristotle’s ancient commentators such as Alexander of Aphrodisias, exclude the syllogism of equivalence (qiyās al-musāwāt) and the like from the extension of syllo- gism and consider them invalid. They claimed that these syllogisms do not produce by themselves as the terms of their premises semantically depend on qualification. One can argue that these logi- cians reached this conclusion because they limited the extension of syllogism only to Aristotle’s usage of examples of syllogism. However, others, particularly the 18th century Ottoman logicians, argued that these syllogisms produce by themselves and are valid. They contend that if rules of qualification are determined with regard to validity, then the syllogism of equivalence and the like will be valid as well. Ottoman logicians named these syllogisms qiyās ghayr mutaʿāraf (unfamiliar syllogism), and started treating them in their logic works. Risāla-i Istidlāliyya by ʿOs̱mān b. Muṣṭafā eṭ-Ṭarsūsī is a particularly good example of this practice. In this article, first we discuss whether or not the ghayr mutaʿāraf could be included in the definition of syllogism, and then we append the critical edition of the Arabic text of Risāla-i Istidlaliyya along with its translation into Turkish.
Authors and Affiliations
Necmettin Pehlivan, Muhammet Çelik
Keywords
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