Randle Cycle as Applied to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ‘Spruce the Basement before Dusting the
Journal Title: International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review - Year 2017, Vol 18, Issue 4
Abstract
Randle cycle (1963) is about substrate competition between products of glycolysis and β–oxidation to capture the citric acid cycle for further oxidation. Acetyl –CoA, the end product of both the energy metabolisms, when accumulates in mitochondrial matrix beyond the oxidative capacity of the citric acid cycle, far reaching consequences take place than simple substrate competition, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), inhibition of glycolysis and preferential passage of β-oxidation products through citric acid cycle, as conceived by Randle. It is shown that citric acid cycle is equally shut off for both products of energy metabolism initially. Hence, the question of substrate competition between them does not arise. How the preferential passage of β-oxidation products occur is explained by a different mechanism than what Randle put forward. The final common pathway to either of β-oxidation or lipogenesis is- acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)-melanoyl- CoA-CPT 1. The final result depends on whether ACC is stimulated or inhibited inhibition results in β-oxidation and stimulation results in lipogenesis. Randle contention is not true because, simultaneously, AMPK is also inhibited which inhibits in turn the β -oxidation The proposed hypothesis suggests that low substrate for ACC i.e. Plasma acetyl- CoA, which is carboxylated to melanoyl- CoA is responsible for switch of energy metabolism to β-oxidation independent of AMPK. To corroborate the proposed mechanism, a low pyruvate level, an additional block in the glycolytic pathway at the level of Pyruvate kinase (PK) and involvement of hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt) are proposed with objective evidence, supporting the same.
Authors and Affiliations
A. S. V. Prasad
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP317025
- DOI 10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/35088
- Views 127
- Downloads 0
Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Lipid Status in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications
Oxidative stress plays an important role in different disease processes. Some studies conducted on diabetic patients also support it. But very few studies have been conducted in the Indian subcontinent so far. Lipid pero...
Biochemical Evaluation of the Antioxidant Nutrients on Blood Rheology among Prediabetics
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the developing of several diseases including diabetes followed by the majority of severe acute illness and/or contra complications. Current studies indicated increasing plasma...
Leaf Ethanolic Extract of Bauhinia monandra Increases Insulin Secretion in Rats Subjected to Intrauterine Malnutrition
Aims: This work aimed to investigate the effects of Bauhinia monandra ethanolic extract (E) on blood glucose levels (G), insulin and lipids of control (C) and prenatal malnourished (M) rats. Samples: Animals (from 90 day...
Standardization of Protocol for Best Blending Ratio of Papaya cv. Red Lady and Guava cv. Allahabad Safeda Fruit Pulp for Preparation of Fruit Bar
The papaya and guava pulps were blended in the ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50 and 40: 60 in preparation of fruit bar and physicochemical analysis and sensory attributes were evaluated at zero (initial), 30 and 60 d...
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Immunoassay for Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Tumor Marker
Background: Serum tumor markers are widely used clinically for monitoring response to therapy and detecting cancer recurrence. However, only a limited number of them have been effectively used for the early detection of...