Regional pH Change in Groundwater Between Field and Laboratory Analyses, Temperature, Groundwater Silicon, Agricultural Soil pH and Soil Type Distribution in Finland
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 12, Issue 3
Abstract
Objective: Silicates are a part of carbonate-silicate cycle, but the role of silicon (Si) in pH regulation of groundwater and agricultural soil (soil) is not as well clarified. Groundwater (gw) pH is different in immediate analysis on the field (pH.gw.field) to the laboratory survey (pH.gw.lab). The purpose of this manuscript is to describe regional associations between temperature (Temp), Si.gw, pH.soil, pH. gw´s and their difference (Δ. pH.gw), as well as proportion of organic (Prp.org) and coarse mineral soil-types sine silt (Prp. coms) and suggest explanations. Materials and Methods: Regional values of pH’s, soil-type distribution, Si.gw and Temperature are from old sources. Regional values for Uusimaa and Varsinais-Suomi are formed of their Rural Center (RC) parts as earlier presented. Statistical analyses are from continental Finland. In grapHics whole Finland is represented, Results: Mean Δ. pH.gw was 0.31 (+/- 0.21) (Table 1) Only in one region of 19 (Ostrobothnia) pH.gw.field value was higher to its pH.gw.lab value. pH ´s of Ostrobothnia are associated with special local factors. Correlations of pH.gw.field/ pH.gw.lab with Si.gw were +0.64**/-0.11 and oppositely with Δ. pH.gw (-0.56*/+0.63**) and soil pH values. (Combined regression by) [Temp; Δ. pH.gw] explained pH.soil variation 79.4 % (r = 0.89, p < 0.001),with coefficient directions (+/+). [Prp.coms;Prp.org] explained trend-like Δ. pH.gw, coefficient directions were (+/-). Conclusion: Regional Δ. pH.gw was associated inversely with Si.gw. Combined Temp and Δ. pH.gw explained ca 80 % of agricultural soil pH variation. Δ. pH.gw can be associated with silicate carbonate interactions. (CO2 sequestrating by silicates - weathering - can be seen as a pH stabilizing process, which could be supported by silicate liming agents and fertilizers, e.g. industrial slags and stone meals). Silicates are known as a part of carbonate-silicate cycle [1], but the role of silicon (Si) in pH regulation of groundwater and agricultural soil (soil) is not as well clarified. Stability in inter-regional relative pH values has suggested on the possible role of silicon (Si) in pH regulation [2]. Soil pH has been written to associate non-significantly positively with Si.gw in continental Finland [3], but pH.soil was highest in Åland, where Si.gw was low [4]. In combined regression by [Temp; pH.soil] pH coefficient got negative value for Si.gw [5]. Åland has been excluded from this survey because the availability of Si seems not to be associated with Si.gw [4,6]. Groundwater pH is different in immediate analysis on the field (pH.gw.field) to the laboratory survey (pH.gw.lab). The purpose of this assessment is to describe this difference (Δ. pH.gw) and to propose explanations.
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- EP ID EP587011
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.12.002259
- Views 144
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