Response of Grape Rootstocks to Different Levels Chloride Salts
Journal Title: International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 5
Abstract
A Pot culture experiment was conducted at Grape Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the variability in salt tolerance of grape rootstocks (viz., Dogridge, Salt Creek, RS-19, SO4 and 1613-C) to different chloride salts viz NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 salts) under varying levels of salinity treatments (control, 4meq, 8, 16 and 32 meq/lt.). The experiment was laid out in a FCRBD with three replications. The relative salt tolerance was assessed based on growth parameters, dry weight of root to shoot ratio, percent reduction in growth parameters, days taken for manifestation of scorching symptoms, K/Na ratio and also on the ability of rootstocks to limit uptake of Na and Cl ions. Among different concentrations of chloride salts, significantly higher growth parameters were observed with control treatments followed by progressive decrease with increase in concentration of chloride salts. The interaction effect was significant in average number of roots and root to shoot ratio. Among Cl- salts minimum percent reduction in growth parameters was observed with MgCl2 and CaCl2 while maximum percent reduction in growth parameters was observed with NaCl, followed by KCl salts. 1613-C recorded the highest leaf K/Na ratio (14.05). However, it was on par with SO4 (13.44), RS-19 (10.34). The least leaf K/Na ratio was recorded with Salt Creek (7.38), which was on par with Dogridge (8.76). Concentration of Na+ was lower (0.06%) in 1613-C and SO4 where as higher Na+ content in leaf was observed in Salt Creek (0.10%) which was on par with Dogridge (0.09%) and RS-19 (0.08%). High chloride exclusion ability represents the salt tolerance. Significantly lowest chloride content was recorded with Dogridge (0.87%) rootstock whereas the highest chloride content was recorded with Salt Creek (1.14%) and was on par with other rootstocks. The application of CaCl2, MgCl2 and KCl salts did not have significant influence the uptake of Na+ ion. The Cl accumulation in leaf was significantly higher when applied in the form of NaCl followed by KCl and it was significantly lower when applied in the form of CaCl2 and MgCl2 salt. Among Cl- salts visual toxicity symptoms were observed earlier with application of NaCl, KCl salts followed by application of CaCl2 and MgCl2 salts. This might be because of among cations Na+ and K+ were more toxic than Ca and Mg. Among rootstocks, early in RS-19 followed by Salt Creek and Dogridge and it was late in SO4 and 1613-C. In all the rootstocks there was progressive decline in the growth parameters, root parameters, K/Na ratio, root to shoot ratio and increase in sodium and chloride content with the increase in concentration of chloride salts over control. Irrespective of salts and rootstocks to visual symptoms were observed earlier at higher concentrations The order of tolerance to chloride salts by grape rootstocks was in of the order CaCl2 >MgCl2 > KCl >NaCl salts. High innate vigour (high dry weight of root to shoot ratio and growth parameters) of Dogridge combined with high chloride exclusion ability represents the best combination for salt tolerance which however, could not be supported by low K/Na ratio. In case of 1613 C and SO4, the high K/Na ratio and late appearance of salt toxicity symptoms supported salt tolerance but less vigour and chloride exclusion were not in support relative to Dogridge.
Authors and Affiliations
K. Saritha, D. Vijaya, B. Srinivas Rao, M. Padma
Keywords
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