Results of selection work with cherry and dukes at Melitopol research fruit growing station named after M. F. Sydorenko of the IH of NAAS
Journal Title: Вісник Українського товариства генетиків і селекціонерів - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue 2
Abstract
The aim: to create the varieties having resistance to adverse environmental factors, self-fetal resistant to cherry leaf spot and moniliosis, high-quality fruits, multi-purpose, with restrained force growth. To select the most productive methods and types of crossings, to create varieties of cherries and dukes. Methods. The intravarietal and interspecific hybridization, the chemical and radiation mutagenesis, the meiotic polyploidy, the biophysical method of pollen fractionation, the culling of seedlings by the level of ploidy and others. Results. The studies assessed the methods and types of crossbreeding in creating of 44 varieties of cherries and dukes. From crossing cherries with dukes such as 4x x 4x, dukes with cherry of type 5x x 4x and dukes with dukes (5x x 4x) 19 varieties are created, from interspecific hybridization of cherries and dukes with cherry type 4x x 2x, 5x x 2x 6 varieties are displayed and by sowing seeds from open pollination of cherry and dukes 19 varieties are obtained. The most promising families for cherries and dukes varieties creation are selected. In the selection of initial forms for interspecific hybridization of cherries with cherry, a prone to the formation of unreduced gametes cherry varieties are isolated. The effect of chemical mutagens on increasing of reduced gametes in sweet cherries number is shown. The method of meiotic polyploidy using chemical mutagenesis, biophysical method of pollen fractionation and culling of seedlings by the level of ploidy has derived the Duke of Turovtseva variety and allocated 75 perfect forms. The hybridization of cherries with cherry and dukes of 4x x 2x and 4x x 4x types in conjunction with induced mutagenesis has given the opportunity to create 5 varieties. As a result, the study of new varieties and their original forms has marked the donors and sources of economic-biological signs. A brief description of 6 promising varieties has been given. The varieties of Research Station selection have enlarged the gene pool in the Cerasus genus, and expanded the breeding possibilities of dukes-cherries on a new genetic basis. Conclusions. Creating the cherries and dukes varieties in Research Station, the most productive breeding techniques are identified – interspecific hybridization of cherries with dukes and cherry, cherries crossing with dukes (4x x 4x) and dukes with cherry (5x x 4x), the hybridization in conjunction with induced mutagenesis and seeds sowing from open pollination. The most promising types of crosses are obtained – 4х х 2х, 5х х 2х, 4х х 4х, 5х х 4х. 44 varieties are created, including 20 of varieties which are registered in State Variety Service, 6 promising varieties are allocated and 18 of varieties are included in the State Register of plant varieties, which are suitable for dissemination in Ukraine. The range of duke-cherries (as of 2015) is updated on 70,4 % by varieties of intensive selection type of Research Station. Keywords: selection, variety, cherry, sweet-cherry – sour cherry hybrids (dukes), crossbreeding types.
Authors and Affiliations
V. A. Turovtseva, N. N. Turovtseva, A. N. Shkinder-Barmina
Keywords
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