Review of Autoimmune Retinopathy and Its Association with Melanoma and Other Malignancies
Journal Title: Journal of Dermatology Research - Year 2023, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
Autoimmune Retinopathy (AIR) is an immune-mediated degenerative retinal disorder affecting retinal cell function leading to progressive vision loss. This review aims to quantify documented AIR cases in the literature; and elucidate common visual symptoms, AIR and cancer diagnosis chronology and autoantibodies’ role in AIR pathophysiology. A literature search extracted 58 Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy (MAR) and 76 Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (CAR) cases; CAR primarily consisted of lung, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer. The majority of MAR cases presented with a melanoma diagnosis preceding onset of AIR symptoms, while the majority of CAR cases presented with AIR symptoms preceding the diagnosis of malignancy. MAR patients experienced nyctalopia and photopsias while CAR patients experienced vision loss, photopsias and nyctalopia. Anti-recoverin is the most well-established antibody implicated in AIR pathogenicity. However, autoantibodies to α-enolase, aldolase A and C, transducin-α, carbonic anhydrase II, arrestin, GAPDH and Transient Receptor Potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1 (TRPM1) are also key components of retinal degeneration. AIR is likely caused by antibodies-targeting retinal antigens aberrantly expressed in cancer cells-penetrating the blood-retinal barrier and cross-reacting with retinal cell antigens, inducing retinal pathology. It may be appropriate to include AIR vision panel screening as standard of care for individuals with personal/family history or signs/symptoms of retinopathy or cancers for early detection and intervention.
Authors and Affiliations
JK Lee, S Thapa, ME Helie, S Theyagaraj, EM Klepper, HN Robinson
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP722229
- DOI https://doi.org/10.46889/JDR.2023.4306
- Views 53
- Downloads 0
Acral Cutaneous Manifestations during COVID-19 Outbreak
We describe a patient with multiple cutaneous lesions resembling chilblains affecting her feet. She was one of 5 patients with these findings that we have seen during the last week, 4 of them in Venice, Italy, one of t...
The Role of Oral Cyclosporine in the Management of Steven Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Retrospective Multicentric Observational Study
Background: SJS and TEN are severe life threatening muco-cutaneous reactions characterised by extensive epidermal sloughing with mucosal erosions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to observe the effectiv...
An ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Striking Cutaneous Manifestations and Diagnostic Insights
Introduction: Secondary Cutaneous Lymphomas (SCL) result from nodal or extranodal lymphoma dissemination and are characterized by skin infiltration. Diagnosing SCL is complex and requires clinical, histopathological and...
Livedoid Vasculopathy
Livedoid Vasculopathy (LV) is an uncommon thrombotic occlusive vasculopathy presenting with chronic relapsing-remitting painful skin ulcerations, predominantly affecting the feet and ankles bilaterally. LV can be idiopat...
Case Report of Hailey-Hailey Disease Successfully Treated with Topical Roflumilast 0.3% Cream
Hailey-Hailey Disease, also called Benign Familial Pemphigus, is a genetic acantholytic blistering condition that most commonly affects the intertriginous areas. There are many treatments, both on and off label, for the...