REVIEW ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HARDNESS IN WATER
Journal Title: Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 22, Issue 1
Abstract
Water is one of the most essential natural resource for existence of life on this planet. With increasing human population and rapid development, the global water consumption demand have been increased many folds and physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of large proportion of the water sources have been altered due to anthropogenic activities. Physico-chemical parameters are influenced by both geogenic and anthropogenic agents. Hardness of water is one of them. Hardness is an essential parameter for drinking water from both aesthetic and quality aspects. A common source of natural pollutants in groundwater is the dissolution of minerals in some aquifers under certain physical conditions. Water having very high amount of minerals is reported to be detrimental to human health. Several epidemiological investigations have demonstrated the relation between hardness of drinking water and risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, growth retardation, reproductive failure, and other health problems. It is therefore requisite to assess drinking water quality parameters at regular interval for preventing diseases and improving quality of life. This review is an attempt to explore the causes and effects of its constituents (calcium and magnesium) on humans and animals.
Authors and Affiliations
Kamlesh and M. K. Kidwai Kidwai
Keywords
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