Reviving Previous Therapeutics by Recombinant Anaerobic Bifidobacteria
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 12, Issue 5
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria such as clostridia have gained attention for use in anti-cancer therapies. They selectively invade tumor tissue and grow in the hypoxic environment surrounding the tumor cells. Bacterial infection activates host immunity in the tumor tissue and induces tumor regression. Anaerobes can be utilized to carry drugs to the tumor tissues using recently developed genetic engineering technologies. In this review, we introduce cancer therapies involving the use of bacteria and our recent research on a drug delivery system for cancer treatment using recombinant bifidobacterium, a naturally non-toxic anaerobe.For the drug discovery and development, microorganisms have been indispensable as sources for screening seed compounds [1] and have been used to manufacture biopharmaceuticals through genetic engineering in the past decade [2]. Additionally, cancer immunotherapy, which has recently been examined in terms of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, has achieved cancer remission by activating human host immunity through bacterial infection [3]. In the 19th century, the American surgeon William B. Coley discovered the anti-cancer effect of erysipelas. He then performed cancer treatment with the heat-killed bacterial mixture known as Coley’s toxin [4], which induced regression of tumor tissues. This therapy is based on the release of immune suppression-related molecules in patients with cancer [5], and therefore causes pathological conditions such as fever or inflammation. Thus, the bacterial preparation should be administered to the topical tumor site or intratumorally. This concept has been applied to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and has shown efficacy comparable to those of chemotherapies [6,7]. Live bacteria have also been used in studies of cancer treatment [8]. Clostridia have a long history of investigation, including the use of their spores as anticancer agents, dating to the 1950s [9]. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is known to specifically colonize tumor tissues and invade tumor cells [10]. The antitumor effects produced by these bacteria occur via induction of host immune responses even if toxicity is attenuated or eliminated [10,11], and may be enhanced by their topical administration to tumor tissues [12,13].
Authors and Affiliations
Ikuko Taira, Yuichiro Taira, Masakazu Kato, Yoshimi Shimizu, Katuhiro Isoda, Hiromi Saitou, Isao Ishida
Keywords
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- EP ID EP587500
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.12.002324
- Views 167
- Downloads 0
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