Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women in Turkey: A Meta-Analysis Research
Journal Title: Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 10
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection with a worldwide distribution, is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This infection can lead to serious health problems when the organism is contracted congenitally or reactivated in immunosuppressed patients. This study included a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised patients in Turkey. Electronic English and Turkish databases [PubMed, ISI (Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, Scopus and local databases (Turkish Citation Index and Council of Higher Education (CoHE) thesis center)] between January 2007 and January 2017 were systematically reviewed. Analyses of seroprevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 34 publications, comprising 114496 individuals, were included in the meta-analysis. The most commonly used methods for screening toxoplasmosis in publications were CLIA (chemiluminescence immunoassays) in 13 studies and ELFA in 7 studies. In 4 studies, no information was available about the used serologic methods. IgG antibody seroprevalence rate was estimated to be 32,6% (95% confidence interval: 28.5 to 36.9), however, there was significant heterogeneity among study groups. In addition, IgM seroprevalence rate was 1.3 % (95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 5.3). The highest and the lowest seroprevelance of toxoplasmosis in seven geographical regions of Turkey were observed in Eastern Anatolia Region 44.7% (95% confidence interval 26.7 to 63.4) and Aegean region 25.7% (95% confidence interval 21.2 to 30.4), respectively. A total of 12 studies, in which IgM and IgG positivity were assessed together, were tested for avidity. ELFA was preferred by seven studies, was the most commonly used method for avidity testing. The avidity test was performed on 64359 pregnant women, 123 of whom were low, 76 were intermediate, and 330 were high avidity levels. The proportion of those with low and intermediate avidity value, which is an indicator of recent infection, was 0.3% (199/64359). Considering the recent human migratory waves from different countries to Turkey in recent years, the evaluation of serological data relating to toxoplasmosis in pregnant women should be based on the geographical regions, which is crucial for fighting against this infection.
Authors and Affiliations
Soner Yilmaz, Rıza Aytaç Çetinkaya
Keywords
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