Soil Management to Increase Rice Yield in Salt affected Coastal Soil - A Review
Journal Title: International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment (IJRCE) - Year 2012, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
India is facing one of the largest challenges of this century to continue to increase annual rice production to about 125 Mt by 2020 to ensure food security with shrinking cropland and limited resources, while maintaining or improving soil fertility, and protecting the environment. Rich experiences in integrated and efficient utilization of different strategies of crop rotation, intercropping, and all possible nutrient resources accumulated by Indian farmers in traditional farming systems have been gradually abandoned and nutrient management shifted to over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers. In India, the coastal saline soils are spread in an area of about 3.1 M ha. Out of 42.0 M ha of total area of rice, 55 percent of rice predominantly cultivated in coastal areas. The soils of coastal region offer many unique problems like salinisation, water logging and clay pan formation. Apart from that, the soils of this region are mostly coarse textured single grain structure soil with low water and nutrient retention capacity, high pH and EC, low base saturation and organic matter content. There is little doubt that current nutrient management practices are not sustainable and more efficient management systems need to be developed to increase rice yield in coastal soil. In this connection a review of soil management to increase rice yield in coastal soil conducted around the world indicated that to sustain the rice productivity, chemical fertilizer alone is not enough to improve or maintain soil fertility at high levels and it is essential to follow the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures and integrated nutrient supply system plays a vital role in sustaining soil fertility under sodic soil in coastal region on long term basis. On account of continuous world energy crisis with increasing prices of chemical fertilizer the use of organic manures as renewable sources of plant nutrients is gaining importance. In this endeavor proper blends of organic and inorganic fertilizer are of utmost important not only for increasing yield and for soil health and the continuous use of organic and inorganic soil amendments speed up the process of reclamation of sodic soil. In addition Nutrient availability from organic sources offer more balanced nutrition to the plants, especially micronutrients which has caused better tillering in plant growth, dry matter production and yield of rice. Apart from that, innovative and effective extension and service-providing systems to assist farmers in adopting and applying new nutrient management systems and technologies are also crucially important for coastal region to meet the grand challenge of food security, nutrient-use efficiency and sustainable development.
Authors and Affiliations
Dhanushkodi V, Subrahmaniyan K.
Keywords
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