Specific absorption rate of different phone brands and health students’ awareness, attitude, and performance towards mobile phone hazards
Journal Title: Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal - Year 2023, Vol 10, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the exposure to the radiations from different brands of cellphones, and to compare it with guideline values. The SAR is calculated using the mathematic equation based on the measured energy. Methods: In this regard, 204 cellphones from different brands were randomly surveyed. A questionnaire composed of demographic and self-reported questions was designed to survey the students’ awareness and attitude about cellphone brands, usage duration and observed health effects. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov test was used for statistical analysis at frequencies of 900 and 1800 MHz and the differences between brands were assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: According to the results, it was found that 46.7% and 8.4% of people used cellphones for less than 4 and more than 12 hours per day, respectively. According to the statistical tests, students with higher talk time, sent messages, and Internet usage, and those using wireless hands-free, had the most reported symptoms of headache, tinnitus, eye burning and eyestrain, sleep disturbances, and skin color changes. Conclusion: The authors found that there was no significant difference between different brands based on the SAR values. However, Samsung and Nokia brands had the highest SAR values and ASUS brand had the lowest ones. Also, the type of game apps (online/offline) was significantly correlated with possible health effects. Therefore, regarding these cases, as well as the fact that many dangers of cellphone use are unknown, it is recommended to use cellphones cautiously.
Authors and Affiliations
Hiwa Hossaini, Faranak Khodadoost, Soma Goftari
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP718081
- DOI 10.34172/EHEM.2023.17
- Views 61
- Downloads 0
Effect of coagulation and sonication on the dissolved air flotation (DAF) process for thickening of biological sludge in wastewater treatment
Background: Dissolved air floatation (DAF) is one of the methods has been used for the sludge thickening in wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of coagulation and sonication process...
Investigating the relationship between the long-term exposure to air pollution and the frequency of depression in Shiraz during 2010-2017
Background: Exposure to environmental pollutants which have entered the atmosphere due to human and industrial activities results in harmful and unwanted effects on human health. The undesired effects of air pollution...
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables consumed in the central part of Mazandaran province
Background: Heavy metals (HMs) in the environment threaten food safety and human health. In this study, the health risks of HMs caused by the consumption of commonly consumed vegetables in the central part of Mazandara...
Advanced oxidation of high concentrations of formaldehyde in aqueous solution under fluorescent and UV light
Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is a carcinogen compound, which is soluble in water. FA can be removed from aqueous solution using advanced oxidation methods. Methods: In this study, the oxidation of FA was studied under...
Innovative biofiltration materials for H2S removal from biogas
Background: Following an extensive examination of various biofiltration packing materials within a typical bioreactor (a biofilter) is aiming to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the raw biogas. Methods: Both biochar (p...