TERRITORIAL DIMENSION OF ORGANIZED MIGRATIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR (1940–1960-ies)
Journal Title: Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис Галичина - Year 2017, Vol 29, Issue
Abstract
The article describes the geography of organized migrations in the USSR in the 1940–1960s on the basis of the historiographical base and materials from the state archives of Donetsk and Kyiv regions. Particular attention is paid to the division of the territory of the republic into the zones of the intra-republican resettlement movement. The volumes and dynamics of the mechanical movement of the population in various regions of the republic are analyzed and the reasons of their migration attractiveness are clarified. In the official version, the territorial-sectorial redistribution of population from the western regions of the republic to the southern and eastern regions was explained by the need to mitigate and gradually eliminate serious imbalances in the allocation of labor resources. It was found out that in the Ukrainian SSR government policy of resettlement and organized recruitment of workers was directed mainly to areas of intensive economic development. This contributed to the formation of large cities in the South and East of the republic. The forced urbanization of Donetsk-Pridneprovsky and Southern economic regions contributed to the formation of their migration attractiveness. It was in this direction that the main volumes of organized and spontaneous mechanical movement of the population took place. The attractiveness of cities is explained by many objective factors, such as: high average monthly wages at enterprises and structures, developed social infrastructure, higher levels of health care and the development of communication paths in comparison with rural areas, hopes for the future solution of housing issues. Regarding the volumes of relocation in the directions of the city-city, city-village, village-city, village-village, they depen¬ded not only on government policy but also on the distribution of the total population, the number of people of working age, on the total amount of capital investments directed on the complex economic development of the regions (expansion of the production sphere, development of housing and cultural and housing construction objects, etc.). The main territorial directions of interregional intra-republican migrations were characterized by intensive migration flows between the regions of Donetsk-Pridneprovsky district, the presence of large migratory flows directed in most cases from west to east, significant migration links between eastern regions and strong migration gravity of large cities of the republic, which attracted significant flows of migrants and migrants not only from their own, but also neighboring areas. Among those who moved to the countryside, the largest flows flowed from the west to the southern region of the republic. The author came to the conclusion that the government policy of resettlement and organized recruitment of workers, based on the geographical principle, often ignored the laws of socio-economic development, the needs of productions and collective farms in the work force, as well as their material opportunities for the placement of newcomers. South-eastern regions of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, requiring an increase in the population and labor resources and were places for the establishment of an organized displaced population, had a low level of settling and consolidation of the newcomers. This led to a significant turnover of personnel, a decrease in labor productivity, the attraction of large funds for retraining staff. Migration flows in the Ukrainian SSR were formed in the least urbanized territories and were sent to areas where the industry was rapidly developing. However, if the concentration of production in certain large cities was effective in terms of production, in the sense of improving the living conditions of the population, it often served as a negative factor.
Authors and Affiliations
Nataliya KASYANOVA
Keywords
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