The Effects of High and Low Dose Nicotine Administration on Neurogenesis
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 13, Issue 1
Abstract
Various pharmacological doses of nicotine during gestation have been examined and nicotine exposure alone is expected to be less harmful to the fetus than cigarette smoke. Nicotine affects the neurochemical systems. Neurotrophins are very important factors for neuronal development, and plasticity of neurons. In this study, considering the role of the hippocampus in both memory and learning, we investigated the effects of high and low dose nicotine administration in pre-postnatal periods, on neurogenesis with immunohistochemical methods. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neuronal Specific Nuclear Protein (NeuN) and S-100 protein were analysed to evaluate the neurons and neuroglial cells in the Swiss Albino rat hippocampus. Immunoreactivity scores were determined by using the semi-quantitative method. The intensity of immunoreactivity was evaluated as mild (+), moderate (++) or strong (+++) and the results were compared via using the ANOVA statistical test. As a result, BDNF, NeuN and S-100 immunoreactivities of neurons in the hippocampus were found to have increased via nicotine administration. These factors can contribute to nicotine’s neuroprotective effects. Nicotine exposure can enrich the reduced number of neurons or interneuron connections which decrease with aging, but more clinical studies are needed in this area to shed light the role of nicotine on neurogenesis.Tobacco is the most important substance abuse during pregnancy. About 20% of pregnant women smoke during their pregnancy. While pregnant women smoke, the developing fetus is exposed to nicotine, the main psychoactive component of tobacco and tobacco smoke ingredients [1,2]. Various pharmacological doses of nicotine during gestation have been tested and nicotine exposure alone is expected to be less harmful to the fetus than cigarette smoke [3]. Nicotine effects the dopaminergic and cholinergic neurochemical systems and alters the physiological and behavioural situations in the offspring [4]. During the development of the brain, neurotrophins are very important factors for neuronal plasticity proliferation, survival, development, and plasticity of neurons. One of the members of the neurotrophin family is Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF). BDNF influences GABAergic neuronal phenotype [5]; regulates the efficacy of GABAergic synapses [6].
Authors and Affiliations
Egbe B Besong, Ateufack Gilbert, Koyeu Tatou Emmanuel, Albert Kamanyi
Keywords
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- EP ID EP587511
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002343
- Views 144
- Downloads 0
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