THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION AND INDIVIDUATION AS THE RISK FACTOR IN PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
Journal Title: Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation - Year 2007, Vol 8, Issue 1
Abstract
The process of separation and individuation is a developmental psychological process, which takes place at various phases of child development within his first three years of life. These phases include the Normal Autistic Phase, the Normal Symbiotic Phase, the Separation-Individuation Phase (with sub-phases Differentiation, Practicing and Rapprochement, On the Way to Object Constancy) and the Final Separation and Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. Undisturbed transition through the developmental phases leads to the establishment of psychological structure in the human infant, which means that he reaches autonomy and independence, thus becoming an individual. For children which were born with physical disabilities and have their intellectual capacities preserved (i.e. in cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy etc.), the fulfilment of this process is endangered, because their development was stuck at the Normal Symbiotic Phase due to two types of factors. The first group represents factors of physical disability (i.e. impossibility to move, obtain independent experiences and, consequently, the inability to detach from the Object), while the second group represents reactions to this hindrance (i.e. overprotection, which further thwarts attempts to detach from the Object).
Authors and Affiliations
Simona R. OZHEK| Centre for Education and Rehabilitation of Physically Handicapped Children and Adolescents Kamnik, Slovenia
Keywords
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