Toxicology of Mixtures - Cd +PCBs Experimental Model
Journal Title: Toxicology and Forensic Medicine – Open Journal - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Humans are exposed to hundreds of thousands of chemicals from very different sources and the presence of more than 200 xenobiotics has been so far determined in human blood or urine.1 Hence, exposure assessment and toxicological evaluation should be focused on mixtures rather than on single chemicals. The importance of “cocktail effects” evaluation is summarized in European Commission statement that highlighted that even low level exposure to a complex cocktail of pollutants over decades can have significant effect on the health status of European citizens.2 Although, toxicity studies and risk assessments are focused on single chemicals, research on the toxicology of mixtures have emerged decades ago. Actually, more than thirty years ago United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment (HRA) of Chemical Mixtures3 and after a few years Technical Support Documents and Guidance Manuals4,5 followed by the efforts of Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)6 and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).7 However, although a certain progress has been made, the toxicology of mixtures remains a matter of great concern and challenge for the scientific community.
Authors and Affiliations
Vesna Matović
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP551427
- DOI 10.17140/TFMOJ-1-e004
- Views 114
- Downloads 0
New Psychoactive Substances: Risks and Challenges
New psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged in the last few years in response to market trends and legislative control. Only in the EU, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) reported in...
Overview on Progress in Forensic Deoxyribonucleic Acid Analysis
Forensic science is “the application of science to criminal and civil laws”. The field is very extensive and cover different disciplines including medicine, biology, chemistry, physics. Medical examination of bodies...
Electronic Cigarettes: Toxicity and Addiction
Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable disease and premature death in the United States and other countries. More than 20 million Americans have died as a result of smoking since the 1st Surgeon General...
The Role of Industry in the Modern Opioid Crisis
In March 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued newly updated guidelines to address the growing opiate epidemic in the United States.1 The longawaited issuance from the CDC has not been without...
In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antioxidative Potential of Nostoc Microscopicum (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)
Many cyanobacterial species (cyanoprokaryotes, blue-green algae) are potent producers of various secondary metabolites with low molecular weight and diverse biological activities (antitumor, antimycotic, antiviral, antim...