Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly: Study at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in the Sub-Himalayan Region
Journal Title: Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics - Year 2017, Vol 13, Issue 2
Abstract
Objective: To study the frequency of macrovascular and microvascular complications in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with major cardiovascular risk factors. Research Design and Methods: 64 patients attending outpatient clinic who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of age more than 60 years with type 2 diabetes were studied during one year. Vascular complications and their risk factors were identified using a standardized questionnaire, blood and urine analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.62 ± 5.05 years. Middle age onset diabetes was seen in 43.75% of the study group, while 56.25% had elderly onset diabetes. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was dyslipidemia (75.00%) followed by hypertension (71.87%), smoking (37.50%) and obesity (34.37%). Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease were seen in 17.19%, 17.19% and 12.50% respectively, while diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy was seen in 31.25%, 25.00% and 28.13% respectively. 45.31% had no vascular complications. As compared to elderly onset diabetes those with middle age onset diabetes had higher mean HbA1C levels(8.94% vs 7.96%) and more prevalence of obesity (42.86% vs 27.78%), dyslipidemia (85.71% vs 66.67%), macro vascular (39.29% vs 25.00%) and micro vascular complications (50.00% vs 33.33%). Conclusion: The longer duration of diabetes and presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus makes them susceptible to vascular complications thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Moreover, middle age and elderly onset diabetes appear to be two distinct groups with a difference in burden of cardiovascular risk factors and vascular complications. Future studies of diabetes in elderly may need to consider such difference while defining the treatment goals for this group.
Authors and Affiliations
Rahul Gupta
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Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly: Study at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in the Sub-Himalayan Region
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