Automated, Microscopic Measurement of Fibrinaloid Microclots and Their Degradation by Nattokinase, the Main Natto Protease
Journal Title: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Application of Chinese Medicine - Year 2024, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
Nattokinase, from the Japanese fermented food natto, is a protease with fibrinolytic activity that can thus degrade conventional blood clots. In some cases, however, including in Long COVID, fibrinogen can polymerise into an anomalous amyloid form to create clots that are resistant to normal fibrinolysis and that we refer to as fibrinaloid microclots. These can be detected with the fluorogenic stain thioflavin T. We describe an automated microscopic technique for the quantification of fibrinaloid microclot formation, which also allows the kinetics of their formation and aggregation to be recorded. We also here show that recombinant nattokinase is effective at degrading the fibrinaloid microclots in vitro. Flow conditions, mimicked by shaking, increase the size of the clots via aggregation. Overall, this work adds to the otherwise largely anecdotal evidence, that we review, that nattokinase might be anticipated to have value as part of therapeutic treatments for individuals with Long COVID and related disorders that involve fibrinaloid microclots.
Authors and Affiliations
Justine M. Grixti, Chrispian W. Theron, J. Enrique Salcedo-Sora, Etheresia Pretorius, Douglas B. Kell
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP754221
- DOI -
- Views 4
- Downloads 0
Rhizoma Zedoariae Inhibits G-CSF-Induced MDSCs-like Differentiation of THP-1 Cells
Objective: Rhizoma Zedoariae is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors in China, but there has been no deep research on its role in the formation of timmunosuppressive environments mediated by myeloid-derived suppr...
Dynamic Changes of Phytohormone Concentrations during Prunella vulgaris L. Development and Impact of Rosmarinic Acid Accumulation through Exogenous ABA Application
Background: Plant hormones not only participate in regulating the growth and development process of plants, but also play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Prunella vulgaris L. (P. v...
Exploring the Mechanism of "Radix Bupleuri-Paeoniae Radix Alba" in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Depression Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Purpose: To explore the mechanism of “Radix Bupleuri-Paeoniae Radix Alba” in the treatment of post-stroke depression through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The active ingredients and targets of “Ra...
The Protective Effects and Mechanism of Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids on Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice
Purpose: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanism of mulberry leaf flavonoids on type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice. Methods: The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of mulberry leaf flavonoid...
Efficacy of Azithromycin Injection Combined with Levofloxacin Capsule and Ambroxol Injection in the Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining azithromycin injection with levofloxacin capsule and ambroxol injection for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods: A total of 160 cases of...