BASES OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Journal Title: Ринкова економіка: сучасна теорія і практика управління - Year 2019, Vol 18, Issue 2
Abstract
The economy of an industrial society was divided into material production and non-productive sphere, based on the differences in their reproductive processes and the opposition of production and consumption. The entire service sector acted only as a tool for bringing the finished material goods to its consumer or as a prerequisite for the creation of this good. Science is a system of knowledge of humanity about the objective laws of development and functioning of society, nature and production and technical systems, and simultaneously the activities of people to accumulate and systematize this knowledge. In the industrial economy, fundamental applied science developed relatively independently, with applied science − in the sphere of material production. In the administrative-command economy, these two branches of science were divided organizationally: the Academy of Sciences functioned and still functions as an independent mega-structure, and applied science was applied to sectoral ministries and after their liquidation almost lost funding. Meanwhile, all institutions of science are united by the community of the ultimate goal of the activity, the nature of the labor process, the means and subjects of work, the personnel, though, for applied science characterized by particularly close ties with production enterprises, where the effect of innovations is realized. The orthodox economic theory, which originates from A. Smith and D. Ricardo, analyzes technological progress with the help of production functions, but does not explain its role in the development of the economy and does not contribute to its implementation. According to V. Mayevsky, the IMF’s recommendations for transition economies, the adoption of which led to certain negative consequences, is the most striking evidence of this. The scientific and technological revolution is a simultaneous interconnected, and originates from the fundamental discoveries of science, the transition to a new technological structure. If the upheavals in science and technology as breaks of graduality in their development took place throughout the history of the development of society, the scientific and technological revolution, based on a change in the quality of the links between science and production, takes place for the first time. In modern conditions, an active role in production is played not only by instruments but also by objects of labor, and the functions of workers are far from being reduced to the movement of tools of production, but primarily include the search, analysis and creative use of new information, the organization of communication with colleagues and customers. The effectiveness of their work is connected not only with education, experience and skills, but also with personal qualities, norms of behavior, the ability to use new technologies.
Authors and Affiliations
V. I. Zakharchenko, V. V. Laptieva, M. R. Velychko
Keywords
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- EP ID EP634193
- DOI 10.18524/2413-9998.2019.2(42).177039
- Views 75
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