Censorship and the Ukrainian language in the national policy of the Russian empire (late 19th – early 20th cc.)
Journal Title: Eminak - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
The Russian imperial authorities considered the widespread of Ukrainian as a threat to the official ideological concept of «triune Russian people» consisting of Russians, Belarusians and «Little Russians» (Ukrainians). This caused the adoption of several laws, which limited the publishing activity in Ukrainian. The article touches upon censorial regulations of 1859, 1863, 1876, 1881, 1885 and 1889, which dealt with writings in the Ukrainian language. It is stated that despite the existing official restrictions, censors abided the rules not so strictly in their routine work. Corruption was one of the main reasons why censors sometimes permitted to publish writings in Ukrainian even against regulations. At the same time there were no restrictions to publish research papers and books devoted to the Ukrainian language if they were written in Russian. Brilliant linguistic researches by Pavlo Zhytetskyi and Kostyantyn Mykhalchuk, which were published in the late 19th century, proved Ukrainian to be a separate language but not just a dialect of Russian. Special attention is payed to the question how the Russian civil servants of the late 19th century treated Ukrainian in their paperwork. While the official ideology considered Ukrainian as a «Little Russian dialect», the internal censorial documents not infrequently reffered to it as a «language». The author comes to conclusion that the Russian imperial censorship indeed made serious difficulties for the widespread of Ukrainian in education, press and public administration. But in general it was unable to prevent the development and standartization of the Ukrainian language itself.
Authors and Affiliations
Olga Kazakevych
Keywords
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