Challenges to Cure: Transmission, Virulence and Pathogenesis of HIV Infection
Journal Title: SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences (SSR-IIJLS) - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major contributor to the global burden of the disease, opportunistic infections, and tumors follow. HIV also directly attacks the immune system and affects certain body’s system (like Central Nervous System, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Digestive System etc). HIV transmission is complex and depends on the number of behavioral and biological co-factors. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive depletion of CD4 helper T cells because of reduced production and increased destruction. Although the typical HIV infected patient shows a sustained CD4 cell increase, a remarkable number of subjects never achieve normal ranges of CD4. HIV infection is also characterized by a marked increase in immune activation, which includes both the adaptive and innate immune systems and abnormalities in coagulation. Extraordinary efforts in the fields of clinical, pharmacology, and biology care have contributed to progressively turn HIV infection from an unavoidably fatal condition into a chronic manageable disease, at least in the countries where HIV infected people have full access to the potent anti-retroviral (ARV) drug combinations that permit a marked and sustained control of viral replication. Although their pathogenesis is still under discussed, they are likely to originate from immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection and chronic inflammation. The last consideration regards the dis-homogenous pattern of HIV disease worldwide.
Authors and Affiliations
Poonam Verma, Gnanendra Shanmugam, Sudha Bansode
Keywords
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- EP ID EP670633
- DOI 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.1.18
- Views 107
- Downloads 0
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