γH2AX in the recognition of DNA double-strand breaks
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2009, Vol 63, Issue
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious DNA lesions because they can lead to chromosome aberrations or apoptosis. Various physical, chemical, and biological factors are involved in DSB induction. The formation of nuclear DSBs triggers phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139; phosphorylated H2AX is named γH2AX. It is believed that histone H2AX phosphorylation is required for the concentration of DNA repair proteins to the damaged chromatin. H2AX is phosphorylated by members of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs), such as ATM (ataxia teleangiectasia mutated), which is the main mediator of H2AX phosphorylation in response to DSB induction. The development of immunocytochemical methods of γH2AX detection provided a convenient tool for research and is considered a gold standard for DSB analysis. These methods are sensitive and specific in the detection of a single DSB. Assessment of H2AX phosphorylation can be used in clinical practice as a marker of premalignant lesions and to predict cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Authors and Affiliations
Monika Podhorecka
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP66304
- DOI -
- Views 164
- Downloads 0
Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder, which leads to progressive fibrosis of many organs. Its course is characterized by the presence of two classical autoantibodies: anti-topoisomerase I (ATA, S...
Carbon monoxide in human physiology – its role in the gastrointestinal tract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced endogenously in the body as a byproduct of heme degradation catalyzed by the action of heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes. An inducible form, HO-1, responds to many factors such as oxidative str...
Szałwia hiszpańska (chia) jako bogate źródło kwasów wielonienasyconych n-3 o działaniu przeciwmiażdżycowym i kardioprotekcyjnym
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to jednoroczna roślina z rodziny jasnotowatych (Lamiaceae), pochodząca z terenów Mezoameryki – głównie z obszaru obejmującego dzisiejszy Meksyk i Gwatemalę, gdzie jest uprawiana od kilku tysięc...
Surgical excision of extensive anal condylomata is a safe operation without risk of anal stenosis
Introduction: Anal condylomata acuminata was a well-known disease in ancient times but in recent years there has been a rapidly increasing number of people who suffer from this disease. The main cause of this disease is...
Rola kwasów żółciowych w patogenezie chorób jelit
Kwasy żółciowe nie tylko warunkują prawidłowe trawienie i wchłanianie lipidów oraz witamin rozpuszczalnych w tłuszczach, ale wywierają także istotny wpływ na funkcje motoryczne, sensoryczne i sekrecyjne jelit, przepuszcz...