Influence of race distance and biological sex on age-related declines in triathlon performance. Part A
Journal Title: Journal of Science and Cycling - Year 2014, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
This study examined the effect of biological sex and race distance on the age-related declines in swimming, cycling, running and overall performances of the sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman and Ironman triathlons. Individual discipline and overall performance time of the top 20% non-elite males (n=468) and females (n=146) were compared by categorizing into four 10-year age-groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50+ years) and normalising to the mean performance time of the fastest age-group for each race. An earlier, larger and faster rate of decline (p=0.01) in performance with ageing was observed in females (≥30 years, 9.3%, 3.0% per decade respectively) and males (≥40 years, 5.9%, 2.2% per decade, respectively) for the longer events (half-Ironman and Ironman) compared with the shorter distances (sprint and Olympic, ≥50 years for both sexes). A greater magnitude of decline was observed in swimming for both sexes, especially in the longer events, when compared with cycling and running (12.8%, 5.6%, 9.3% for females, 9.4%, 3.7%, 7.3% for males, in the swim, cycle and run disciplines, respectively). These results indicate that both race distance and biological sex influence the age-related decline in triathlon performance and could aid athletes in optimising training programs to attenuate the age-related declines in performance across different disciplines and distances. Specifically, older athletes may benefit from greater emphasis on swim training and factors that may influence performance during longer distance triathlons.
Authors and Affiliations
Sam SX Wu| Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia, Jeremiah J Peiffer| School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia, Jeanick Brisswalter| Laboratory of Human Motrocity, Education Sport and Health, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France, Wing Y Lau| Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia, Kazunori Nosaka| Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia, Chris R Abbiss| Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP2830
- DOI -
- Views 440
- Downloads 43
Torso and facial/head pre-cooling and anaerobic cycling performance in a hot and humid environment
It has been demonstrated that cooling athletes before (pre-cooling) enabled a higher level of power output developed during exercise (Tyler et al., 2015, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 7-13), increased thermal c...
Qualitative body composition of cyclists: bioimpedance vector analysis discriminates different categories of cyclists
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and the phase-angle (PA), derived from bioelectrical impedance raw values (i.e., resistance, R, and reactance, Xc) allow qualitative and descriptive assessments of body comp...
Physiological characteristics of competitive Brazilian cyclists
The national cycling calendar in Brazil is extensive with numerous regional and state competitions on a weekly basis. Furthermore, several teams now compete in national, continental and international races throughout the...
The effect of environmental conditions on performance in timed cycling events
Air temperature, pressure and humidity are environmental factors that affect air density and therefore the relationship between a cyclist’s power output and their velocity. These environmental factors are changeable and...
The effect of aerodynamic characteristics on the drafting effect in track cycling
Since the aim of the men’s team pursuit is to accomplish a distance of 4000m as fast as possible, reducing aerodynamic drag by means of drafting can attribute in achieving this goal. Broker et al.1 quantified the average...