ISMOP Project (IT System of Levee Monitoring) as an example of integrated monitoring of levee

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ISMOP Project (IT System of Levee Monitoring) as an example of integrated monitoring of levee

Journal Title: Geology, Geophysics & Environment - Year 2015, Vol 41, Issue 1

Abstract

The technical condition of levees is decides on the safety of property and persons residing in the protected areas. Monitoring is an important issue. Levees in Poland have been used, in the majority, for over 20 (22% of embankments) or 40 (59% of embankments) years. They were formed from accidental, heterogeneous material and they are characterized by their uneven compaction (Borys 2007). The European experiences indicate the use of many technical solutions in the scope of levee monitoring. Two approaches can be differentiated: a local approach – concerning the levee condition and a global approach – comprising the issues of water management and flood safety. The global approach was implemented in Imprints, WeSenseIt, and the most advanced – Urban Flood projects. In Poland, such an approach is implemented by the National Water Management Authority (KZGW) within the framework of the IT System of the Country’s Protection (ISOK) project. The local approach was adopted in the projects of the French Cemagref (today’s Irstea), IJkdijk, Dredg-Dikes or the Polish ISMOP (Zhu et al. 2009, Cunat et al. 2010, Khan et al. 2010, Artières et al. 2011, Courivaud et al. 2011, Pięta et al. 2014, Stanisz et al. 2014). There has been little research concerning the behaviour of levee in Poland. Currently, with the cooperation of AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków and the following companies: SWECO Hydroprojekt Kraków sp. z o.o., Neosentio and ZPPUH Budokop Sp. z o.o, a project titled, IT System of Levee Monitoring (ISMOP), is being conducted. A system approach to the issue of flood earth embankment monitoring is the aim of the Project. The purpose of the research is the creation of a system which monitors the static and dynamic behaviour of levee in real time. ISMOP is aimed at the mass gathering of data concerning selected processes taking place in the levee, optimization of data transfer as well as the interpretation and analysis, with the use of numerical simulations and a system of visualization, of the levee’s condition. The use of a number of sensors monitoring changes within the body and their comparison with the results of numerical simulations is an innovation (linked mechanical, hydrological and thermal models) (Bukowska-Belniak & Krawiec 2014). The proposed approach enables a prediction of the levee condition, with a defined probability of the occurrence of processes having unfavourable impact on the levee structure, to be made (Piórkowski & Leśniak 2014). An experimental levee at a scale of 1:1 (width × length × height = 58 × 208 × 4.5 m) was built within the framework of the project. It consists of two, parallel sections formed of soils with a variable filtration coefficient. The research is taking place in Czernichów, 20 km west of Kraków. Sensors in three measurement profiles were placed in the levee. Monitoring inside the embankment comprises a local measurement of pore pressure (35 pcs), temperature (35 pcs) and soil pressure (6 pcs). In addition, 6 inclinometers (length – 6.5 m each) and 24 piezometres (total length 82 m) were included in the construction. Linear measurement of the temperature with the use of a sensory optoelectronic cable (ca. 1300 m) is also being conducted. In the vicinity of the levee a weather station was located in order to monitor weather conditions. Measurements delivered by the network of sensors during experiments constitute the major element of tightness assessment and, indirectly, the levee stability assessment. In addition, the levee surface monitoring, based on survey methods – classical measurements (tacheometers, GPS) and with the use of above-ground long-range interferometric radar, is being performed (IBIS-L). Within the duration of the experiment, an infrared camera FLIR T620 was used. Geophysical measurements, using the electrical resistance method, are carried out on external parts of the designed levee. The use of optoelectronic technology is an important aspect. The project enables verification of its efficiency within the duration of an artificially evoked freshet wave. The measurement scenarios performed assume repeated high water levels depending on the simulation of the wave flowing through the watershed of mountainous, upland or lowland environments. Physical and mechanical parameters measured by sensors are recorded and analysed on an Automatic Measurement System. On the basis of data coming from the sensors and numerical models t he system performs a risk assessment in real time. Based on the analysis of the group of measured parameters, an alarm signal, indicating a crisis situation, is activated in a hazard situation. This fact will be reported in the following cases:− the increase in the parameter value within a defined time period,− changes of admissible gradients,− exceeding more than one alarm level,− damage of apparatus or communication errors (anomalous readouts or the lack of readouts). The occurrence of risk in a given flood situation will result in the activation of the procedure increasing the frequency of sampling of measured physical values. At the moment of lowering the water table, the sampling step will be decreased. Such a solution will enable less power consumption and will automatically shift into “stand-by” mode allowing for, e.g., system maintenance or sensor calibration. The ISMOP project will also ensure the verification of data obtained from the measurements by the optoelectronic method and other measurement sensors by numerical models. Preliminary results of numerical simulations indicate the places where the levee’s stability is lost, and the course of the filtration curve. Within their duration, the linear relationship between changes in temperature and pore pressure in the levee body, with a low hydraulic gradient, has been demonstrated. In the case of increased flow, the increase in pore pressure value is higher than the increase in temperature value. Tests will determine the measurement methodology and they will also verify the substantiation of the installation of particular sensors in flood embankments. Close cooperation between scientists and designers may contribute to the determination of new, economically substantiated, standards of embankment condition assessment both during and after a flood.

Authors and Affiliations

J. Stanisz, K. Korzec, A. Borecka

EP ID EP199576
DOI 10.7494/geol.2015.41.1.137
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