КУЛЬТУРА ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В ПРОЕКТАХ НОВОЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ 17 в. (Ф. БЕКОН И Д. ЛОКК)
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Gordin Lucien, Protsenko Olga BEHAVIOUR CULTURE IN PROJECTS OF NEW EUROPEAN PHOLOSOPHY IN THE 17TH CENTURY (F. BACON and J. LOCKE) The article concerns the problem of intercultural communication in its historical retrospective review basing on practical ethics of representatives of a new European philosophy F. Bacon and J. Locke. It is pointed out that along with such basic moral principles as peacefulness, justice and tolerance the system, which improves sociocultural vital activity of people, includes regulators from the side of their formalized coordinates including those accumulated into the etiquette rules. The latter exists as attributes of politeness, courtesy and delicacy transmitted into interpersonal relations due to manners and proprieties. Manners, induced by decency rules, consolidate people, contribute to consensus and prevent different confrontations. The interest to ethic views of the representatives of New Time philosophy isn’t accidental. It was at that time when philosophy took interest in regulative mechanism of outer side of behaviour and singled out etiquette as behavioural patterns into an independent study. The models corresponded to the processes which satisfied the capitalist economic system at its early stage such as democratization of society proprieties, glorification of freedom, equality and justice, individual aspirations of a separate person and an indisputable respect to private property. The article refers to the work by F.Bacon “Experiments, or moral and political instructions” where manners and proprieties are described in a separate chapter. The philosopher states that it is quite necessary to educate behaviour culture, an important role of which is given to good manners, as they contribute to success in any business and owing to which the person wins people’s favour. However, it isn’t a simple task to gain good manners according to the philosopher. People should not only make an effort but also use their creative activity; it should be done in such a way that a certain balance is observed between praising and blaming manners. In addition, rules of behaviour should be oriented to a certain individual and correspond to his moral qualities. But you should never use courteous manners in order to benefit from it, as Bacon warns. The article points out that F.Bacon described an objectively changing form of behaviour in connection with rapidly developing commercialization. That’s why etiquette is regulating relations of the partners on free enterprise. It also contributes to persuading people who are dependent on business. In connection with the stated information a new field of ethical knowledge was formed, notably business and contract ethics. J. Locke was a typical representative of new bourgeoisie. When talking about a subject of moral, the philosopher has always meant a particular person following his/ her interests, who takes the other person as a free independent partner competing for benefits. J. Locke gives his considerations concerning manners and proprieties in the work “Thoughts about education” stating that behaviour both on form and content has to satisfy requirements set by society. Practice and habit are necessary but insufficient condition of educating good manners. Corresponding environment and an experienced tutor are necessary requirements as well. Besides, J. Locke considers those features of behaviour that disagree with good manners and civility in general, such as contempt, captiousness and irritability. While thinking over decency in terms of formation of good manners, J. Locke uses abstract and theoretical methods such as logics, system, explanation of initial points and definition of general notions. Along with theoretical knowledge J. Locke formulates advice, gives practical recommendations that correspond to expansion and original introduction of ethic knowledge into interpersonal communication. Moral codes consisting of etiquette categoricity and regulating behaviour subject to certain occupation will become a compulsory element of trade relations and business contacts.
Authors and Affiliations
Люсьєн Гордін, Ольга Проценко
Keywords
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