MODELS OF SEMANTIC DERIVATIVES IN RUSSIAN AND POLISH SOCIOLECTS (names of the person on the basis of appearance)
Journal Title: Мова - Year 2014, Vol 0, Issue 22
Abstract
The article attempts to construct potential models that show the mechanisms of semantic derivation based on metaphor and metonymy in the substandard language (argots, jargons, slangs). We reviewed 125 semantic derivatives (75 Russian and 50 Polish). Most reactions to the appearance of a person in the Russian 35 %) and in the Polish 28 %) languages are the reactions motivated by indicator PD (the object, the instrument or the result of work). Other reactions to the stimulus considered in the Russian and in the Polish sociolects do not show such parallelism. Semantic derivatives investigate in the Russian sociolects motivated as follows: PR (cookery) — 14.6 %, SK (mammal) — 10.6 %, SO (somatonim) — 8 %, PZ (profession, title deeds, rank, sphere of employment) — 5.3 %, NO (face of person) — 4 %, EF (physical phenomenon), FG (geometric figure), JM (unit of measure), RK (said invertebrate) and RO (plant) — to 2.6 %, other (EP (element of inanimate nature), PH (historical figure), PT (bird), RB (fish), SP (athlete), SR (the creature) and WF (physiological excretion)) to 1.3 %. The percentages in descending order in the Polish sociolects show such reactions: SK — 12 %, RO — 10 %, NO, PR and SO — to 8 %, PF (hero of the film) and RB — to 6 %, RK — 4 % and the rest (EG (graphic sign), PM (mythological character), JM, PT and PZ) to 1 %. Certain incentives do not give rise to a creation of new semantic derivates. In the material investigated by author there are not new Russian semantic derivatives which could be the reactions to associations with EG, PF, PM, and Polish — with EF, EP, FG, PH, SP, SR, WF. The largest number of semantic derivatives motivated by the appearance of person relate to fat and obese people in the Russian and in the Polish sociolects. The presented models can be used to study the regular and irregular processes of semantic derivation.
Authors and Affiliations
Gustaw Michał AKARTEL
Keywords
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