PRINCIPLES OF STUDYING BRITISH AND AMERICAN LEGAL TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Південноукраїнського національного педагогічного університету імені К. Д. Ушинського - Year 2015, Vol 107, Issue 4
Abstract
The western legal tradition was the main extralinguistic factor which has a strong influence on the formation and composition of English and American terminology systems. The initial period of English terminology formation is characterized by a large number of direct Latin borrowings, while the western legal tradition based on the norms of Roman law. The second group of loans identified as a part ELT and AMLT is French direct borrowings and indirect borrowings from Latin came to ELT through French. The main body of terms ELT and AMLT is common. These common terms are referred to notions which are both common for two terminological systems. Due to the genetic proximity of the two terminology systems and the impossibility of comparison in this work ELT and AMLT systems with other languages’ ones the universal manifestation of the problem was limited by study of internationalization of terminology. This aspect is important, since the main terminological fund of the two terminology system was formed on the basis of borrowings from Latin and French. Most of these terms refer to notions which are universal for many other terminology systems. Analysis of the composition of ELT and AMLT showed that there is presence of national and cultural differences in the two genetically close teminology systems. We defined that extralinguistic factors such as differences in political, social and economic development of the UK and the US, and any resulting differences in ideology and morality, as well as differences in consumer culture caused emergence of differences in the composition between ALT and AMLT. There was a tendency to spreading international terms from English into other languages due to approximation case2law and codified systems of law, which presupposes borrowing rules of case2law system and its terms. Cultural identity of ELT and AMLT manifested in systemic ways, including paradigmatics (hierarchical system relations, synonyms and homonyms) and syntagmatics. Cases of both absolute synonymy and ideographic one were discovered. At the level of syntagmatics in terms of manifestations of cultural specifics of the two terminology systems, a special group of propriate terms has particular importance and it is not a characteristic of other languages’ legal terminologies.
Authors and Affiliations
O. Mitina, L. Shvelidze
Keywords
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