Роль деревних рослин у відтворенні ґрунтів на відвалах новороздільського Державного гірничо-хемічного підприємства „Сірка“ [The role of tree species in soil reproduction on dumps of novyj rozdil State mining and chemical enterprise „Sulhur”]
Journal Title: Праці Наукового товариства ім. Шевченка - Year 2016, Vol 46, Issue
Abstract
Intensification of the mining industry in Ukraine in the early twentieth century contributed to a significant increase of disturbed lands because of activities of mining companies. Mining of minerals carried out in different soil, climatic and vegetation zones, which had a significant impact on man-made formation, determining the degree of overgrowing vegetation. Study of formed of biogeocoenoses help to determine the direction of restoration processes in natural conditions and to identify the most promising tree species suitable for artificial afforestation disturbed lands. To assess the peculiarities of vegetation influence on soil formation within Novyj Rozdil sulfur quarry is held stationary research facilities in areas with herbal, shrub and woody vegetation. Research facilities laid: in the area of buckthorn thickets; in meadow vegetation territory; in linden-sweet cherry stand; elm-alder stand; alder-ash-sweet cherry stand; in poplar stand and oak stand. Because of soils overgrown by grassy vegetation, shrubs and tree species, substantially changed microclimatic conditions. Under the influence of solar insolation changes, temperature indicators of air and soil surface, moisture, intensified processes of organic sediments decomposition. During the life of plants activated a variety of metabolic reactions that had a significant impact on the content and redistribution of chemical elements of soil and their organic component. A special role in soil formation plays an interaction between the parent rock and living organisms, among which the most important are green plants and microorganisms. During life cycle they accumulate a significant amount of chemical energy, which, after their extinction and expansion is released and dispersed in the form of heat, released during oxidative reactions. The primary source of soil humus are organic remains of plant, animal and microbial origin. The dominant value among organic residual has the remains of green plants. According to this, the productivity of plant communities that are formed in a particular region and size of annual rainfall, determines the amount of humus, which will be produced in analyzed soil-hydrological conditions. Such comparative analysis of humus content in the soil under the influence of different plant communities help to evaluate their productivity and efficiency at formed soils. Our studies within Novyj Rozdil sulfur quarry allowed to mark the accumulation of humus largest amount (9%) in the top layer of soil from 0 to 10 cm in research section of oak stand. Slightly less amount of humus (over 6%) is accumulated in the same layer on the section of linden-sweet cherry stand (eastern slope of the dump) and on section of meadow - 6%. The least amount of humus (2%) is marked in the analyzed horizon in thickets of buckthorn. Found that the highest content of nitrogen (0,30 to 0,35%) in the top layer of soil is typical for soils of elm-alder stand, linden-sweet cherry stand and oak stand. The lowest content (less than 0.2%) of nitrogen in the soil horizon noted on a section of meadow. Investigated that plant associations involving shrub and tree species significantly affect on redistribution of chemical elements (manganese, phosphorus, potassium, cadmium, zinc, lead, copper) along the soil profile and reduce their concentrations in upper horizons. Determined that under the influence of buckthorn thickets and linden-sweet cherry stand significantly (to 9,9-11,9%) decreased acidity (pH KCl) in the upper layer of soil, and soil acidity on sections with different stand composition is no higher than 7,4 which contributes to the activation of redox reactions and microbial growth
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Kopiy, Leonid Kopiy
Keywords
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