SOME LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE INTERNATIONAL AREA OF SEABED, CALLED THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND
Journal Title: Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego - Year 1996, Vol 23, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper consists of three chapters. Chapter I, titled Legal status of the international area of seabed discusses the rights of States to areas outside the boundmies of jurisdiction of coastal states. Until the Convention on the Law of the Sea came into life, jurisdiction of coastal states did not cover the high sea, on which all states were allowed freedom of navigation, freedom of oveiflight, freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines, freedom to construct artifcial islands and other structures allowed by international law, freedom of fishing, and freedom of scientific research. The constantly growing demand for mineral resources, and simultaneous depletion of land based resources, has resulted in a growing interest of states in resources lying on the seabed and beneath the seabed. A significant novum of the Convention on the Law of the Sea is the regulation of the status of the covered by high sea waters area of seabed and subsoil, which was named the Area. This Area is a common heritage of mankind; all States have a right to it, irrespective of their geographical location and state of economy. Chapter II is given to the characteristic of mineral resources, i.e. to the object of exploitation in the Area. The concept of mineral resource is analysed. It is a concept open to various interpretations, since in various legal acts various terms are alternatively used: natural resources , mineral resources, marine resources'' ur mineable resource to define the same thing. Since in the Convention on the Law of the Sea has appeared the term polymetallic nodules, which is one of the main objects of interest of the States, a characteristic of the nodules, their distribution over seabed, and an assessment of resources is given. Chapter III contains a characteristic of one of the subjects with rights to investigate and exploit the Area. The Jntemational Seabed Authority has given the rights to act in the Area on principles of pioneer investo1~ in accordance with regulations ofthe Convention on the Law of the Sea, to the JNTEROCEANMETAL Organization with head office in Szczecin,to which Poland is a party.
Authors and Affiliations
Iwonna Czuchra
Keywords
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