SULTANS AND VOIVODAS IN THE 16TH C. GIFTS AND INSIGNIA
Journal Title: The Journal of International Social Research - Year 2007, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
The territorial extent of the Ottoman Empire did not allow the central government to control all the country in the same way. To understand the kind of relations established between the Ottoman Empire and its vassal states scholars took into consideration also peace treaties (sulhnâme) and how these agreements changed in the course of time. The most ancient documents were capitulations (ahdnâme) with mutual oaths, derived from the idea of truce (hudna), such as those made with sovereign countries which bordered on the Empire. Little by little they changed and became imperial decrees (berat), which mean that the sultan was the lord and the others subordinate powers. In the Middle Ages bilateral agreements were used to make peace with European countries too, but, since the end of the 16th c., sultans began to issue berats to grant commercial facilities to distant countries, such as France or England. This meant that, at that time, they felt themselves superior to other rulers. On the contrary, in the 18th and 19th centuries, European countries became stronger and they succeeded in compelling the Ottoman Empire to issue capitulations, in the form of berat, on their behalf. The article hence deals with the Ottoman’s imperial authority up on the vassal states due to the historical evidences of sovereignty. Key Words: Ottoman Empire, voivoda, gift, insignia
Authors and Affiliations
Prof. Dr. Maria Pia PEDANİ
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP118534
- DOI -
- Views 190
- Downloads 0
DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIO SUPPORTED ANIMATING PROGRAM AND THE STORY APPLICATION
The purpose of this study is to develop audio supported animating program for secondary school student and to animate students’ stories by using this audio supported program (ASAP). This program was developed as web-base...
TOWARDS SEMIOTICS OF VIRTUAL GAMES
Semiotics, derived from structuralist linguistics, especially applied many application areas –from art to spor, from medicine to journalism. Inthiscontext, it is seen thats emiotics is confronted many fields from social...
CRIME, DEATH AND SUICIDE IN YUSUF ATILGAN’S WORKS IN TERMS OF THE SELF AND THE OTHER
In novels and short stories of Yusuf Atılgan, (1921-1989), one of the most important authors in Turkish literature, tendency to commit crime is a way of reflecting potential of people who experience extreme situations. I...
INNOVATION STRATEGIES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: INNOVATION SAMPLES OF WHITE GOODS SECTOR FROM TURKEY AND THE WORLD
Innovation, which has a significant importance regarding business and marketing world, has an ever-increasing importance on businesses' forming of business and market strategies, gaining financial power and increasing th...
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ABUSIVE MANAGEMENT, AKGÜN GÜNGÖRLONELINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM: A STUDY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Abusive Manager is a major obstacle in the peaceful and efficient work of employees. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of perceptions abusive management of health professionals on workplace loneliness an...