The usage of distant crosses for the extension of genetic variation in Brassica sp.
Journal Title: Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops - Year 2011, Vol 32, Issue 2
Abstract
The crossing of genetically distant plants allows for the introduction of beneficial economical traits from wild to cultivated plants. The genetic incompatibility often prevents an effective crossing between two species and thus the formation of desirable hybrids. Incompatibility may occur at different stages of reproductive cycle. There are two types of barriers which prevent interspecific or intergeneric crosses: pre-zygotic and post-zygotic. These barriers can be sometimes overcome by in vitro direct pollination of isolated ovules (pre-zygotic barriers) by on media culture of hybrid embryos, ovules or ovaries containing embryos (post-zygotic barriers). These methods of overcoming crossing barriers have been successfully used in interspecies and intergeneric crosses within the genus Brassica. The method of distant crossing is used in Brassica napus breeding for hybrid breeding and cytoplasmic male sterylity (which is of great importance in heterosis), for implementing improved resistance to diseases and pests, obtaining yellow seed character ( which involves reduced fiber content) and for modification of fatty acid composition. Resynthesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) from diploid species, such as turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), performed in order to extend the genetical variability is also a good exemple of practical application of distant crossing. Due to a large number of closely related species of the genus Brassica and available enormous resources of germplasm in gene banks, introgression by distant crossing of new features, beneficial for oilseed rape breeding material, is possible.
Authors and Affiliations
Katarzyna Sosnowska
Keywords
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