Trends of Educational Migration in the Context of Economic Development Globalization

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Trends of Educational Migration in the Context of Economic Development Globalization

Journal Title: Демографія та соціальна економіка - Year 2014, Vol 21, Issue

Abstract

Internationalization of productive processes, spreading of information and computer technologies lead to the unification of requirements to employees’ qualification, standards of work management, as well as increasingly larger role of modern professions, for which national identity loses its former importance, and geographical boundaries no longer restrict employment. In this context grows the importance of international educational migration as significant intellectual form of migration activity of population. In overwhelming majority of developed countries educational migration is regarded as one of means of developing human capital, needed for the development of national economies, and powerful geopolitical resource, used for spread and promotion of cultural values and technologies of the countries where foreigners receive education. Fast moving augmentation of education migrants speeded up the development of world market of educational services, forming a specific branch of world economy – international market of educational services with the size exceeding USD 100 bln of which over USD 60 bln – international higher education services. Apart from economic benefits educational migration is the source of supplying the economy with highly qualified personnel and is regarded as the first step to labour migration. Intellectual migration, including educational one, brings significant dividends to the recipient countries if they effectively regulate these movements and use their potential, while the donor countries meet with considerable challenges. Globalization of world economy constantly deepens. On the one side it increases opportunities of individual countries of using intellectual resources, on the other side global processes considerably sharpen competition and present real threat to the low or middle income countries. Presently almost all of the developed countries deal with the problems of shortage in highly qualified labour or the absence of its critical mass in certain sectors of economy, and some of them have poor de- mographical situation. This leads to the real competitive struggle for students and specialists in particular fields on the global markets of highly qualified labour, which would only deepen with time. That is why one of the key goals of both educational and migration policies is the creation of environment for keeping and expanded reproduction of highly qualified personnel including education migrants. In order to multiply the positive effect of educational migration it is vital to form the effective regulation mechanism, capable to adapt rapidly to development needs at the domestic level and global changes of economic environment.

Authors and Affiliations

L. A. Zhurakovska

Keywords

EP ID EP287193
DOI 10.15407/dse2014.01.233
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