WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT “ATTACHMENT DISORDERS” IN CHILDHOOD
Journal Title: Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation - Year 2013, Vol 14, Issue 3
Abstract
Current nosology describes reactive attachment disorder as represented by two distinct disorders: reactive attachment disorder, characterized by markedly inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, minimally seeking comfort or minimally responding to comfort in time of distress, and disinhibited social engagement disorder, which is represented by an indiscriminate social behavior, sanctioned from culture and which crosses social boundaries, in the presence of unfamiliar adults. Both disorders, despite their different phenotypes, are caused by a pathogenic caregiving environment, repeated changes of attachment figures, social neglect and deprivation in the first years of life. The article examines recent diagnostic criteria reported in the literature comparing diagnostic classifications and attempting to understand the etiology of the disorder. Unresolved questions exist in current nosology, which means that the quality of the evidence supporting the diagnostic criteria needs to be improved. This review concludes that, despite the currently available diagnostic classifications, future longitudinal studies should be conducted to assess the evolution of reactive attachment disorder over the time and to discriminate its features from other psychopathologies.
Authors and Affiliations
Patrizia VELOTTI| Department of Educational Sciences, Universityof Genova, Simona DI FOLCO| Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Simona DI FOLCO| Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP7929
- DOI -
- Views 478
- Downloads 35
FAMILY RESOURCES: PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PARENTS ADJUSTMENT
Social networks often provide an important source of support for new parents. General, parent support programs sustain social-emotional development of children. Different aspects could impact both the quantity and qualit...
HARDSHIPS OF CEREBRAL PALSY PUPILS IN ACQUIRING FINE ARTS CLASSES TASKS AND EXPECTED ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Program contents for cerebral palsy pupils in the elementary school are a modification of the program contents for pupils with mental retardation. However, those program contents are not adjusted with cognitive and move...
EARLY TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WHIT INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES IN THE ADVISORY INSTITUTION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN BITOLA
In the period 1985-1995, 38 children with intracranal hemorrhages were treated in the Advisory Institution for Development in Bitola. Out of them: · or 44.7% were no consequences; · or 18.4% were with m...
A CHILD WITH A COCHLEAR IMPLANT WITHIN THE INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM - CASE STUDY
The master thesis is presented on 167 pages. The paper consists of the following parts: introduction, theoretical approach towards the research problem, research methodology, analyses and interpretation of the results, c...
INITIATING BASES FOR PREPARING A NA-TIONAL STRATEGY TO CARRY OUT THE STANDARD RULES FOR EQUILIZING THE POSIBILITIES OF HANDICAPT PERSONS
Vo oktomvri 1999 godina, vo Skopje, se odr`a semina r za standar- dnite pravila na Obedinetite nacii za izedna~uvawe na mo`nostite na licata so hendikep. Seminarot be{e organiziran od strana na Minis- terstvoto za...