Організація допомоги єврейським біженцям Західної та Правобережної України у роки Першої світової війни
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue
Abstract
Since the beginning of hostilities, the representatives of different social groups of Russian Jewry were awakened with patriotic feelings, compassion and exercise of the rights of each believer, got in difficulty, in particular in terms of social protection. The conscious populace organized charities, committees and companies with assistance to victims of war almost in every provincial and district town, inhabited by Jews. On the money, raised by the community, there were public canteens, points heating opened, and hospitals, producing drugs and medical equipment; donations of money, food and other things were provided. The help to refugees was carried out jointly by public institutions and NGOs. They worked closely with the established Petrograd Jewish Committee assistance to victims of war. Getting cash they used them to implement health care programs for refugees and deportees. There were also created healings and product groups of the company (with doctors, nutritionists, nurses), were organized clinics, mobile hospitals, disinfecting baths, kitchens, as well as points of distribution between Jewish families of food packages. Relief Committees organized the resettlement of refugees and supplying them with food and employing them. To accommodate refugees there were opened shelters for disabled veterans and hostels for immigrants. Separately Company maintained a network of camps, nurseries, kindergartens and playgrounds for refugee families children, the disabled, and orphans. Joint campaigns allowed companies to save tens of thousands of Jewish refugees. In October 1914 Society craft work joined a campaign to help Jewish refugees. Local Jewish committees for victims of war were created, clubs and societies for the collection and distribution of funds to help victims of war. Most organizations operated in the provincial centers and places with a huge number of refugees. Employment of ethnic refugees, among them were Jews, had their problems. First of all, for intellectuals it was difficult to find a job, Jewish residents of evacuated towns traders and artisans. For Jews there was more complicated situation and the negative attitude of imperial officials and because of search among them traitors and enemies. So, in the war onset an active public charity movement aimed to organize the assistance to victims of war and anti-Semitic policy of the Russian imperial authorities to Jewry began between Jewish communities of the Russian Empire began. The movement initially developed erratically and had its own center, which coordinated and supervised the work of local committees, partnerships and other associations. Charity activity of Jewish population of the Russian Empire reached its climax in late 19th early 20th century. Activation of philanthropy accounts for the extreme periods of the history of Ukrainian and Russian Jews, especially those related to the massacre movement and the First World War. Reaction to Russian statehood manifestations of anti-Semitism played a big role for Jewish public charities. Jewish charities that emerged at the beginning of the war, at first helped evicted from Russian troops occupied Galicia, and from the summer of 1915, after the defeat of the imperial troops, their activity has spread to all provinces at Ukrainian Right Bank. Society took care of deportees, refugees, sick and wounded soldiers: supplying the local Jewish population affected food, medicines. Money to provision were coming from donations and special charges, which organized both among Jews and among the Orthodox population of the Russian Empire. Local organizations provided tangible assistance not only to refugees and deportees and the Jewish soldiers and victims, their families. Already from the beginning of the war they opened and kept mostly at their own expense shelters from recent burns. Such institutions were revealed in the Jewish hospitals and hospices. Separately, the companies helped to employment the disabled in the war people.
Authors and Affiliations
Viktor Dotsenko
Keywords
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